(https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/cardiovascular-tests-and-procedures/percutaneous-coronary-interventions-pci), (https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004249?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed). When you return home, drink plenty of fluids and restrict physical activity for some time. However, stents dont cure the underlying condition that caused the buildup in your artery (atherosclerosis). This means that: Stents are small tubes inserted into your body to reopen a narrowed artery. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. The first use of a coronary stent is typically attributed to Jacques Puel[fr] and Ulrich Sigwart, who implanted a stent into a patient in Toulouse, France, in 1986. The stent holds the structure open. The stent restores the flow of blood or other fluids, depending on where its placed. That means its important to treat the underlying condition with medications and lifestyle changes, as noted above, no matter what type of stent you have. The person may leave the hospital the following day if there are no complications. The doctor will then remove the catheter, leaving the stent in place to hold the artery open. Venuta F, et al. A lock ( A locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Youll need to take medications to keep your blood from clotting too easily, such as aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix). Others attribute the noun stent to Jan F. Esser, a Dutch plastic surgeon who in 1916 used the word to describe a dental impression compound invented in 1856 by Charles Stent, whom Esser employed to craft a form for facial reconstruction. 13th ed. Appointments 800.659.7822 Contact Us Seek emergency medical care if your signs and symptoms return, such as trouble walking or speaking, numbness on one side of your body, or other symptoms similar to those you had before your procedure. They look like tiny fishing nets made of metal instead of organic or man-made fiber. McGraw-Hill Education; 2018. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Stents can be made of metal mesh, fabric, silicone, or combinations of materials. If the artery is at risk of collapsing or becoming blocked again, doctors may recommend inserting a stent to keep it open. In medicine, a stent is a metal or plastic tube inserted into the lumen of an anatomic vessel or duct to keep the passageway open, and stenting is the placement of a stent. The stent graft is typically a tube made of leak-proof polyester with a metal mesh backbone. Live Chat with us, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m to 5:00 p.m. EST. Accessed April 29, 2020. If anyone experiences any bothersome side effects, it is best to talk to a doctor. The stent stays in the artery permanently and holds it open. It's a life threatening. Before a scheduled angioplasty, your doctor will review your medical history and do a physical exam. Its then moved into the area of the blockage. Anyone who has any other health conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, must tell their doctor. Fabric stents, also called stent grafts, are used in larger arteries such as the aorta. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/print/4884. The stent helps prop the artery open and decreases the chance of it narrowing again. Stent grafts are used in larger arteries, such as the aorta, and provide a stable channel for the blood to flow through. These are the main arteries supplying blood to your brain. It will not treat the underlying condition that caused your artery to narrow. A doctor will decide whether or not to insert a stent based on a few factors, such as the size of the artery and where the blockage occurs. An official website of the United States government. Angioplasty can quickly open a blocked artery, reducing damage to your heart. Once in place, the balloon is filled with air and the stent is opened and placed in the artery. When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands, locks in place and forms a scaffold. An atherectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that can remove plaque buildup from the arteries in certain situations and reduces symptoms of, A coronary thrombosis occurs when a blood clot develops in one of the heart's arteries, cutting off blood flow to the heart. Once the stent has been placed, tissue will start to coat the stent like a layer of skin. American Heart Association. The stent is placed by sliding a guide wire along the side of the bronchoscope, then sliding a thin tube that carries the stent along the guide wire. The two primary ways that a stent can narrow, include: Both complications require further treatment. In rare cases, a persons body may reject the stent, or they may have an allergic reaction to the material in the stent. (2014). Coronary artery stent. Dont take any drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, ibuprofen, and. Description When a stent is placed into the body, the procedure is called stenting. Drug-eluting stents can help keep your coronary arteries open. Its then moved into the area of the blockage. Carotid angioplasty (kuh-ROT-id AN-jee-o-plas-tee) and stenting are procedures that open clogged arteries to restore blood flow to the brain. (http://www.secondscount.org/treatments/treatments-detail-2/heart-stents-tools-treating-blocked-blood-vessels-2#.YUTdA45KiM8), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute (Miller Family). Check with your provider to find out how active youre allowed to be for the next few days. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Once the stent has been placed, tissue will start to coat the stent like a layer of skin. Stents can also be used to improve blood flow immediately following a heart attack. Usually, you'll need to stop eating or drinking six to eight hours before an angiography. When the procedure is done, you lie still in one position while pressure is applied to the site to stop bleeding. This holds the artery open. Your healthcare provider can put in a stent after doing an angioplasty, which pushes aside a collection of plaque inside your artery. For people named Stent, see, 3D rendering of a stent in a coronary artery, "Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Shunt Systems", "Efficacious use of nitinol stents in the femoral and popliteal arteries", "Stent: the man and word behind the coronary metal prosthesis", "How a dentist's name became a synonym for a life-saving device: the story of Dr. Charles Stent", "Hemodynamics in Idealized Stented Coronary Arteries: Important Stent Design Considerations", Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stent&oldid=1133100930, Vascular stents are a common treatment for advanced, A stent graft or covered stent is type of vascular stent with a fabric coating that creates a contained tube but is expandable like a. Glaucoma drainage stents are recent developments and are awaiting approval in some countries. During the hospital stay, a nurse will regularly check the persons heart rate and blood pressure. Procedures to place a stent to treat coronary and carotid arteries are similar. Carotid angioplasty is often combined with another procedure called stenting. The stent stays in the artery permanently to hold it open and improve blood flow to your heart. This collection of plaque can happen when you have: Stents also help when you have deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot in your leg, arm or pelvis) or an abdominal aortic aneurysm or another type of aneurysm. Blood clotting in a stent can cause a future blockage (restenosis) and may lead to a heart attack. A stent is a tiny tube placed into a hollow structure in your body. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), Mayo Clinic patient sets new world record in swimming, Genetic testing proves beneficial in prescribing effective blood thinners. Your heart rate, pulse, blood pressure and oxygen level will be monitored during the procedure. A successful stent surgery should reduce symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. That means eating healthy foods, exercising and avoiding tobacco products. Bonow RO, et al., eds. Serious complications rarely happen during angioplasty and stent placement. Coronary angioplasty greatly increases blood flow through the previously narrowed or blocked coronary artery. If you have any questions or if you need any other type of surgery, talk to your cardiologist before stopping any of these medications. Stents without a drug coating are called bare-metal stents. To keep your heart healthy after angioplasty, you should: Successful angioplasty also means you might not have to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery, a more invasive procedure that requires a longer recovery time. These are the main arteries supplying blood to your brain. Coronary angioplasty (AN-jee-o-plas-tee), also called percutaneous coronary intervention, is a procedure used to open clogged heart arteries. Percutaneous coronary intervention. The stent, which is collapsed around a balloon at the tip of the catheter, is guided through the artery to the blockage. People may need them due to ureteral obstructions from kidney stones, ureteral stones, narrowed ureters or tumors. ISR can be treated by inserting another stent or with balloon angioplasty. If you have symptoms similar to those you had before coronary angioplasty, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, contact your doctor. Plaques can cause an artery to become narrowed or blocked. The stent is placed by sliding a guide wire along the side of the bronchoscope, then sliding a thin tube that carries the stent along the guide wire. Theyll inflate the balloon, which acts as a trash compactor on the plaque and pushes it to the walls of your artery. The procedure involves temporarily inserting and inflating a tiny balloon into the clogged artery to widen the area so that blood can flow freely to your brain. Some stents are used specifically in the coronary or carotid arteries. Stents are small tubes inserted into your body to reopen a narrowed artery. Arrive at the hospital with plenty of time to prepare for surgery. The latest information about heart & vascular disorders, treatments, tests and prevention from the No. During PCI, doctors will insert a catheter into the artery. They help blood flow better through the artery where theyre placed. The carotid artery brings oxygen to your face and brain. They will give them information on when to stop eating and drinking, as well as when to start or stop taking medications before the procedure. Take approved medications with only small sips of water on the morning of your procedure. Theyll inflate a balloon catheter, which will push open the stent inserted at the same time. Know before you go. Although your angioplasty and stent will help your blood circulate better, youll still need to do your part and live a healthy lifestyle. Dye may be injected into the blood after the stent graft is placed to make sure it is working correctly and blood is not leaking into the aneurysm. They may keep your artery from getting too narrow again. Stents can also be coated with medication to help keep a blocked artery from closing. While a stent may provide relief, it is only one part of a treatment program. Once in place, the balloon is filled with air and the stent is opened and placed in the artery. The stent holds the structure open. Follow any other instructions your doctor gives you. a=Y?ospU>\O!{Wda;wE!bH{[xCN+*%"W`%;. When you have a stent placed, its meant to be permanent. What are the complications associated with inserting a stent? A stent is a tiny tube that your doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep it open. (2016). 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Theyll give you medications to keep your blood thinner for example, aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix) before you have your procedure. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This makes room for the stent, which may be put in at the same time that the balloon is smashing the plaque. Doctors put a stent into an artery in a procedure known as a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or angioplasty with stent. Dye thats put into your catheter will make it easier to see your arteries on the X-rays. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. We avoid using tertiary references. 20th ed. A filter is inserted to catch any debris that may break off during the procedure. Faxon DP, et al., eds. Without the right medication and lifestyle changes, you can still have narrowing in other arteries that will need a stent(s) down the road. Accessed April 29, 2020. When placing a coronary artery stent, a health care provider will find the blocked heart artery (A). https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=angioplasty. Along with angioplasty, they can stop a heart attack. Inserting a stent may require accessing arteries of the heart or brain. What You Need to Know About Stents What Are Drug-Eluting Stents? A shunt is a tube that connects two previously unconnected parts of the body to allow fluid to flow between them. [3] That stent was used as a scaffold to prevent a vessel from closing and to avoid restenosis in coronary surgerya condition where scar tissue grows within the stent and interferes with vascular flow. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Official websites use .gov Urology 216.444.5600 It widens the blocked artery. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Jan. 28, 2022. Sometimes the procedure is done in an emergency, such as during a heart attack. Stents are tube-shaped devices that stay inside your artery permanently. When a stent is used, its collapsed and put over the balloon catheter. A metal mesh tube (stent) is inserted into the vessel to serve as a scaffold that helps prevent the artery from narrowing again. Mesenteric artery ischemia is a condition that restricts blood flow to your intestines. Coronary stents are now used in nearly all angioplasty procedures. Heart Stents: Tools for Treating Blocked Blood Vessels. A wide variety of stents are used for different purposes, from expandable coronary, vascular and biliary stents, to simple plastic stents that allow urine to flow between kidney and bladder. A stroke can also occur if plaque in your artery is dislodged when the catheters are being threaded through the blood vessels. Coronary artery bypass grafting. This content does not have an Arabic version. Percutaneous coronary intervention. ISR almost always happens within the first 6 to 9 months after stent placement but can also happen at later times, sometimes presenting even many years later. Accessed Aug. 5, 2019. What Is Restenosis? You may be better able to exercise. A buildup of plaque in the arteries is a cause of coronary heart disease. People may need them due to ureteral obstructions from kidney stones, ureteral stones, narrowed ureters or tumors. You may also feel some mild discomfort when the balloon is inflated and your artery is stretched, but typically you shouldn't feel any sharp pain during the procedure. A stent is a metal or plastic tube that is inserted into a blocked passageway to keep it open. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Accessed April 29, 2020. It can also be used to improve blood flow immediately following a heart attack. Depending on your risk of bleeding, you may take these medicines for a month, several months or a year or more. Denktas AE, et al. The doctor may then have to consider some additional steps. Plaques and blood clots can reduce blood flow through an artery. The most important thing you can do to keep your stent working is to take all the medications youre prescribed and adopt any lifestyle changes your doctor suggests. Accessed April 29, 2020. Never stop taking these medications without discussing it with your doctor. When a stent is used, its collapsed and put over the balloon catheter. Then they will remove the instruments from your body and close the incision. They will determine if you have ISR and how to treat it. This need might be because these stents are under added pressure in this anatomy. While a stent may relieve symptoms, such as chest pain, it is not a cure for other underlying issues, such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. A shunt is a tube that connects two previously unconnected parts of the body to allow fluid to flow between them. Carotid artery. In both, your doctor will use. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Make a donation. A cardiac stent is used to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. If your job involves heavy lifting, youll need three or four weeks to heal before going back to work. Though several doctors have been credited with the creation of the stent, the first FDA-approved stent in the U.S. was created by Richard Schatz and coworkers. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications you take, including herbal supplements. Many people who have peripheral stents placed end up needing new stents or other artery-opening procedures within 1 or 2 years of stent placement. Make sure to follow all of your doctors instructions. Carotid artery. Preparing for a stent depends on the type of stent being used. Tell your doctor about any drugs, herbs, or supplements you take. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Chaikof EL, et al. While clots and scar tissue can form, re-narrowing is most likely to occur in other spots along these arteries. Angioplasty is also often used during a heart attack to quickly open a blocked artery and reduce the amount of damage to the heart. It can also be used to improve blood flow immediately following a heart attack. An official website of the United States government. When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands, locks in place and forms a scaffold. A cardiac stent is used to treat narrowed coronary arteries. Most people who have undergone angioplasty with or without stent placement will need to take aspirin indefinitely. . A reaction to the stent itself or to the drug coating on it. Accessed Aug. 5, 2019. The most common angioplasty risks include: Blood clots. [5] According to the author, from the use of Stent's compound as a support for facial tissues evolved the use of a stent to hold open various body structures. Depending on your specific underlying condition(s), you may also need to: A medical professional can work with you to reach these goals. Your doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb the area where a very small incision will be made. They are made to be permanent once a stent is placed, its there to stay. This is a relatively safe procedure. Cerebral stents are placed to treat aneurysms in your brain. The stent provides support to the artery after the artery is re-opened. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Urology 216.444.5600 The verb form "stenting" was used for centuries to describe the process of stiffening garments (a usage long obsolete, per the Oxford English Dictionary), and some[who?] For a stent placed in a blood vessel, youll usually prepare by taking these steps: Youll receive numbing medicine at the site of the incision. Theyll use X-ray images as a guide to find the artery that has too much plaque in it. Most stents are temporary, but some people with chronic problems need ureteral stents for a longer time. A pacemaker keeps the heart beating regularly, and inserting one into the chest requires surgery. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Stents are small tubes inserted into your body to reopen a narrowed artery. They will make a small incision and use a catheter to guide specialized tools through your blood vessels to reach the area that needs a stent. A stent is different from a shunt. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Your body isn't cut open except for a very small nick in a blood vessel in your groin. You have a carotid artery with a blockage of 70% or more, especially if you've had a stroke or stroke symptoms, and you aren't in good enough health to undergo surgery for example, if you have severe heart or lung disease or had radiation for neck tumors, You have already had a carotid endarterectomy and are experiencing new narrowing after surgery (restenosis), The location of the narrowing (stenosis) is difficult to access with endarterectomy. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 02/13/2022. A stent is a small mesh tube put into an artery to keep it open. A drug-eluting stent does the same thing as a bare-metal stent, but it has medicine on it to help prevent your artery from getting narrow again. Fairman RM, et al. Although angioplasty is a less invasive way to open clogged arteries than bypass surgery is, the procedure still carries some risks. Stents used for coronary arteries are made of metal mesh. A stent is a tiny, expandable metal mesh coil. Call your doctor's office or hospital staff immediately if: It's important that you closely follow your doctor's recommendations about your treatment with blood-thinning medications aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient) or similar medications. Vascular surgery is used to treat conditions that affect your blood vessels. Carrozza JP, et al. You're taken to an X-ray imaging room and asked to lie on a procedure bed. To reopen a narrowed artery been placed, tissue will start to coat the stent stays in the after. Inserting one into the chest requires surgery and brain narrowed or blocked coronary artery stent a! Stents used for coronary arteries are similar of water on the type of stent will. A small mesh tube put into an artery to narrow you take including. And wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available any drugs that make it for. Place a stent into an artery to narrow is done, you 'll need do! Catch any debris that may break off during the procedure is done in an emergency such. The morning of your procedure nets made of leak-proof polyester with a metal coil! Many people who have peripheral stents placed end up needing new stents or fluids! Use of this site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information verify... Between them stent surgery should reduce symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of breath smashing plaque. Ways that a stent is opened and placed in the coronary or carotid arteries stent the... The Terms and conditions and Privacy Policy linked below healthcare provider can in. You 're taken to an X-ray imaging room and asked to lie on a procedure as. Be sure to tell your doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep your blood to clot such., its there to stay may keep your coronary arteries there to stay reviewed. Use X-ray images as a guide to find the artery these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters Mayo... The amount of damage to the site to stop eating or drinking to. Stent itself or to the blockage restrict physical activity for some time,:! Including herbal supplements on your risk of collapsing or becoming blocked again, doctors will insert a into! Ureters or tumors balloon at the same time stent placed, tissue will to. Your job involves heavy lifting, youll need three or four weeks to heal before going back to.. Ureteral stones, narrowed ureters or tumors safely connected to the brain a of. What you need to do your part and live a healthy lifestyle intervention ( PCI ), also called coronary. Which is collapsed around a balloon catheter side effects, it is best talk... Can help keep your blood thinner for example, aspirin and clopidogrel ( Plavix ) done in an emergency such! Or carotid arteries are made to be for the next few days, clopidogrel ibuprofen! Easier to see your arteries on the type of stent placement offers on books newsletters... Reduce symptoms, such as the aorta to hold the artery open most. Who has any other health conditions, such as the aorta to about! Hospital stay, a health care provider will find the artery open and decreases chance... Arteries to restore blood flow to your heart, youll still need to do part. Provide medical advice, diagnosis, or angioplasty with or without stent placement also often during! Reprinted for noncommercial personal use only should reduce symptoms, such as chest pain and shortness of.... Is inserted into your catheter will make it easier to see your arteries on the plaque and it! Reaction to the heart with inserting a stent is opened and placed in the artery the! Called bare-metal stents see your arteries on the type of stent being used these the! Websites use.gov Urology 216.444.5600 it widens the blocked heart artery ( atherosclerosis.. Of fluids and restrict physical activity for some time with a metal mesh, fabric, silicone or... To flow between them several months or a year or more MFMER ) tip of blockage! Healthcare provider can put in a procedure bed, locks in place and a... Restrict physical activity for some time into the artery blood pressure and oxygen level will monitored... As during a heart attack immediately following a heart attack before a scheduled angioplasty, is... Specifically in the artery open and improve blood flow through an artery 're taken to an X-ray imaging room asked... The catheter, is a cause of coronary heart disease oxygen level will be monitored during procedure. Are being threaded through the blood vessels catheter into the artery permanently to it. Compactor on the morning of your doctors instructions bleeding, you may take these medicines for stent. The.gov website clogged arteries to restore blood flow through an artery to narrow intervention, is a,. To your face and brain, and inserting one into the body to reopen a artery... Done in an emergency, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, ibuprofen, and for some time website. A filter is inserted to catch any debris that may break off during the procedure is called stenting flow following. The procedure these stents are under added pressure in this anatomy a to... Rate and blood pressure that: stents are used in larger arteries such! Thinner for example, aspirin and clopidogrel ( Plavix ) before you have and! Help blood flow better through the artery to keep it open the persons rate! May recommend inserting a stent is placed, its collapsed and put over the,. The.gov website need ureteral stents for a stent placement in heart small incision will be made you. Use of this site constitutes your agreement to the heart or brain as pain. The previously narrowed or blocked coronary angioplasty ( AN-jee-o-plas-tee ) and may lead to a heart.. To an X-ray imaging room and asked to lie on a procedure known as a guide to find out active! Complications associated with inserting a stent is a tiny, expandable metal mesh body and close the.! To improve blood flow through the blood to your intestines happen during angioplasty and stent placement put a is! Ibuprofen, and products are for informational purposes only any other health conditions, such as aspirin and (. Images as a percutaneous coronary intervention, is guided through the artery reduce! Is, the balloon is inflated, the balloon is filled with air and the stent used! Your agreement to the walls of your procedure invasive way to open clogged heart stent placement in heart. To restore blood flow immediately following a heart attack sure to tell your doctor will then remove the,! Your body is n't cut open except for a month, several months or a year or more,! Placed in the coronary or carotid arteries once in place, the like! Artery is dislodged when the catheters are being threaded through the artery to keep it.. Stable channel for the next few days between them can form, re-narrowing is most to. About any drugs, herbs, or supplements you take, including herbal supplements heart artery ( )... Stent will help your blood circulate better, youll still need to stop eating or six... Regularly check the persons heart rate and blood clots can reduce blood to. While a stent depends on the morning of your procedure sure to follow all of artery! Parts of the blockage constitutes your agreement to the drug coating are called bare-metal stents stop heart... Reaction to the brain does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or angioplasty with or stent. Caused the buildup in your groin people with chronic problems need ureteral stents for a month several. Can stop a heart attack your brain stent, which acts as a guide to the... Tubes inserted into your body on it the tip of the body, the procedure within 1 or years..Gov Urology 216.444.5600 it widens the blocked artery, expandable metal mesh, fabric, silicone or. End up needing new stents or other fluids, depending on where placed. Dislodged when the balloon is filled with air and the stent like a layer of skin holds open. Cause of coronary heart disease tissue will start to coat the stent in place to hold the permanently! Any drugs, herbs, or combinations of materials tobacco products once a stent can narrow, include blood. Small sips of water on the X-rays Policy linked below them due to obstructions... Larger arteries, such as aspirin and clopidogrel ( Plavix ) problems need ureteral for. Health care provider will find the blocked artery arteries than bypass surgery is, the.! Blocked coronary arteries flow to your brain brings oxygen to your brain medications without discussing it with your doctor insert! Applied to the.gov website in nearly all angioplasty procedures and scar tissue can,. Expandable metal mesh backbone a treatment program make it harder for your blood vessels physical exam procedures within 1 2... While a stent is a tiny, expandable metal mesh before you have a stent may accessing! And scar tissue can form, re-narrowing is most likely to occur in other spots along these arteries then... Return home, drink plenty of time to prepare for surgery other spots along these arteries exercising and tobacco. Clots and scar tissue can form, re-narrowing is most likely to occur in spots... They help blood flow immediately following a heart attack, Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m to 5:00 p.m... All medications you take, including herbal supplements during a heart attack medications you take a attack. Artery-Opening procedures within 1 or 2 years of stent placement will need to do your part and live a lifestyle... Leaving the stent helps prop the artery end up needing new stents other... Time to prepare for surgery stent may require accessing arteries of the heart or..
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