In the 20th century, some writers used it as an Aboriginal name for Tasmania, spelled "Trowenna" or "Trowunna". It lies about 150 miles (240 km) south of the state of Victoria, from which it is separated by the relatively shallow Bass Strait. [54][55] Of those removed from Tasmania, the last to die was Truganini, in 1876. On 28 April 1996, in the Port Arthur massacre, lone gunman Martin Bryant shot and killed 35 people (including tourists and residents) and injured 21 others. [113] Because of a reliance on roads and private vehicle transport, and a high concentration of animal populations divided by this development, Tasmania has the worst (per kilometre) roadkill rate in the world, with 32 animals killed per hour and at least 300,000 per year. Of all the states, Tasmania, being the island state of Australia, has Australia's southernmost point, which is South East Cape. South Cape Bay: South Cape Bay - See 43 traveler reviews, 80 candid photos, and great deals for Southwest National Park, Australia, at Tripadvisor. On the West Coast Range and partially on Mount Field, Australia's only winter-deciduous plant, deciduous beech is found, which forms a carpet or krummholz, or very rarely a 4-metre tree.[77]. [164] Noir-rock band The Paradise Motel and 1980s power-pop band The Innocents[165] are also citizens. Proposals for local economic development have been faced with requirements for environmental sensitivity, or opposition. The southernmost point that you can drive to is the town (such as it is) of Cockle Creek, perhaps 75 miles south of Hobart. Area 26,410 square miles (68,401 square km). [66] Hydro's influence culminated in the 1970s when the state government announced plans to flood environmentally significant Lake Pedder. Within the state, the primary form of transport is by road. There is a spit of land, called the South East Cape, that entends. In the House of Representatives, Tasmania is entitled to five seats, which is the minimum allocation for a state guaranteed by the Constitutionthe number of House of Representatives seats for each state is otherwise decided on the basis of their relative populations, and Tasmania has never qualified for five seats on that basis alone. At Flinders' recommendation, the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter, in 1800 named the stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Bass's Straits". The main island is roughly heart-shaped, with a maximum length and width of about 200 miles (320 km), and its latitude and climate are broadly comparable to those of northern California and northwestern Spain. Tasmania has 29 local government areas. The central plateau and the southeast portions of the island are mostly dolerites. Comfortable accommodation near the South Cape Walk at Ida Bay. Emergent growth usually comes from eucalyptus, which can tower another 50 metres higher (usually less), providing the most common choice of nesting for giant wedge-tailed eagles. Tasmania is represented in the Senate by 12 senators, on an equal basis with all other states. The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 11,700 years ago. Tasmania's insularity was possibly detected by Captain Abel Tasman when he charted Tasmania's coast in 1642. Least fertile and most extensive are the soils of the west and northeast, especially the moor peats. The top destinations to see the southern lights are the southernmost destinations in the world, including Tasmania. Lake St. Clair, the deepest lake in Australia (reaching more than 700 feet [215 metres]), is a piedmont lake similar to the lakes of northern Italy. The state was badly affected by the 1967 Tasmanian fires, killing 62 people and destroying over 652,000 acres in five hours. Rising sea levels cut Tasmania off from mainland Australia about 10,000years ago and by the time of European contact, the Aboriginal people in Tasmania had nine major nations or ethnic groups. It lies about 150 miles (240 km) south of the state of Victoria, from which it is separated by the relatively shallow Bass Strait. The settlement at Risdon was later abandoned. During their stay, the crew took botanical, astronomical, and geomagnetic observations which were the first of their kind performed on Australian soil. Local leagues include the North West Football League and Tasmanian State League. (CORRECT)", "Threatened Species List Vertebrate Animals", "Welcome to Tasmania, the roadkill capital of the world", "1362.6 Regional Statistics, Tasmania, 2007", "Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA)", "UNESCO rejects Coalition's bid to delist Tasmanian World Heritage forest", "The Tarkine National Heritage assessment", "Tasmania | History, Capital, Map, Climate, & Facts | Britannica", "Birth-rate slump in Tasmania linked with tough economic times for families", "Largest cities by population in Tasmania", "3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, 201617: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2007 to 2017", "2016 Census Community Profiles: Tasmania", "Feature Article Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)", "Tasmanian Liberals secure 15 seats as election count ends", "Gutwein premier, Rockliff deputy, after Tasmanian Liberal rivals quit contest", "Jeremy Rockliff becomes Tasmania's 47th premier after being elected as state Liberal leader", "Tasmanian Lower House should be increased by 10 members, report recommends", "HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY RESTORATION BILL Final Report", "Major employers campaign to boost their public profile", "Call centres, recent history where have they come from and how did they get here? Stunning! It is a part of the Wilsons Promontory National Park. In 2000, Queen Elizabeth II once again visited the state. Tasmania Hobart in particular serves as Australia's chief sea link to Antarctica, with the Australian Antarctic Division located in Kingston. In 1901 the Colony of Tasmania united with the five other Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. It took a trip to Tasmanias remote, southernmost tip to remind me of the humbling, life-affirming joy of spending a little time sitting at the bottom. To its north, it is separated from mainland Australia by Bass Strait. In 2004, Premier Jim Bacon died in office from lung cancer. Tasmanians voted in favour of federation with the largest majority of all the Australian colonies. Still other definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania with the Great Australian Bight to the west, and the Tasman Sea to the east. Tasmania lies at similar latitudes to Te Waipounamu / South Island of New Zealand, and parts of Patagonia in South America, and relative to the Northern Hemisphere, it lies at similar latitudes to Hokkaido in Japan, Northeast China (Manchuria), the north Mediterranean in Europe, and the Canada-United States border. In particular, the Walls of Jerusalem with large areas of rare pencil pine, and its closest relative King Billy pine. +. [121] By 2012 the birth rate had slipped to 2.1 children per woman, bringing the state to the replacement threshold, but it continues to have the second-highest birth rate of any state or territory (behind the Northern Territory). Its impossible to stand here and not gulp in great lungfuls of tangy, salt air and feel totally, vanishingly small. [32] At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803, the indigenous population was estimated at between 3,000 and 10,000. When the land veered to the north-west at Eddystone Point,[81] he tried to keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the Roaring Forties howling through Bass Strait. These are also considered distinct from the more common wet sclerophyll forests, though these eucalypt forests often form with rainforest understorey and ferns (such as tree-ferns) are usually never absent. [175] Seal meat also formed a significant part of the Aboriginal diet. Because of these stereotypes, Tasmania is often referred to as the primary target (i.e., "butt") of mainland Australian jokes. [130] They established farms along the River Derwent and east and west of Launceston, occupying ten percent of Van Diemen's Land. This resulted in the reduction of the Greens' number of seats from 4 to 1, and increased the proportion of seats held by both the Labor and Liberal parties. [123], At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:[N 2][127][128], 19.3% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. Other names have retained their original meaning, and are often quaint or endearing descriptions (e.g. Stand on the cliffs of South Cape bay, a bracing wind blowing from Antarctica, surf rolling in from the Southern Ocean. It can rise to such an extent as to argue for the secession of Tasmania from the rest of Australia, in an effort to 'recover' Australia's reputation from Tasmania.[191]. [35][56][57] However, other historians including Henry Reynolds, Richard Broome and Nicholas Clements do not agree with the genocide thesis, arguing that the colonial authorities did not intend to destroy the Aboriginal population in whole or in part. [34] They engaged in fire-stick farming, hunted game including kangaroo and wallabies, caught seals, mutton-birds, shellfish and fish and lived as nine separate "nations" on the island, which they knew as "Trouwunna". The South East Cape is a cape located at the southernmost point of the main island of Tasmania, the southernmost state of Australia. The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European was on 24 November 1642 by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who landed at today's Blackman Bay. The area was commonly known as the Cape of L' Agulhas . These plants were foraged by the Tasmanian Aboriginals and also used for other purposes, such as construction. Even in summer, theres something dark and woodsy about Tasmania. The Bass Strait islands represent outliers of the northern coastal platforms. The Unconformity is a three-day festival held every two years in Queenstown on the West Coast. The state capital and largest city is Hobart, with around 40 percent of the population living in the Greater Hobart area.[17]. [190] [83], The next European to enter the strait was Captain James Cook on HMS Endeavour in April 1770. [134], Tasmania has a number of undeveloped regions. The anti-dam sentiment was shared by many Australians outside Tasmania and proved a factor in the election of the Hawke Labor government in 1983, which halted construction of the dam. It is located at the northeastern edge of Queensland's Torres Strait Islands. Gunns rose to prominence as a major forestry company during this decade, only to collapse in 2013. Tasmania hosts the professional Moorilla International tennis tournament as part of the lead up to the Australian Open and is played at the Hobart International Tennis Centre, Hobart. [169] In 1996, Sculthorpe composed the piece Port Arthur: In Memoriam for chamber orchestra, which was first performed by the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. At the 2002 state election, the Labor Party won 14 of the 25 House seats. But do you know what the southernmost point of Australia is? By 1830 one-third of Australia's non-Indigenous population lived in Van Diemen's Land and the island accounted for about half of all land under cultivation and exports. The documentary series Walking with Dinosaurs was partly filmed in Tasmania due to its terrain. The Tasmanian Society of Natural History had been formed previously in 1838 before its merger with the Royal Society in 1849. Youll find this 16km round-trip walking trail one small section of the 85km South Coast Track which takes some serious planning and packing at the very end of Australias southernmost road, near a remote campsite known as Cockle Creek. The presence of these mountain ranges is a primary factor in the rain shadow effect, where the western half receives the majority of rainfall, which also influences the types of vegetation that can grow. He concluded: "The colonial government from 1832 to 1838 ethnically cleansed the western half of Van Diemen's Land. It is located 240 kilometres (150 miles) to the south of the Australian mainland, separated from it by the Bass Strait, with the archipelago containing the southernmost point of the country. [67] National and international attention surrounded the campaign against the Franklin Dam in the early 1980s. [23] Tasmania is a significant agricultural exporter, as well as a significant destination for eco-tourism. The state owes its name to the Dutch navigator-explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 became the first European to discover the island. Tasmania was sometimes referred to as "Dervon", as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter written by the notorious Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in 1879. Winter maximums are 12C (54F) on average along coastal areas and 3C (37F) on the central plateau, as a result of a series of cold fronts from the Southern Ocean. Regionally part of Oceania and politically a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1900, it became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 1978 and was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.. Recent additions to the state arts events calendar include the 10 Days on the Island arts festival, MONA FOMA, run by David Walsh and curated by Brian Ritchie and Dark Mofo also run by David Walsh and curated by Leigh Carmichael. The state of Tasmania also includes Macquarie Island, which is about 1,600km SE of South East Cape. There is even more of Tasmania, south from Ida Bay, including Australia's southern most point. [2] Much sea traffic passes near it, and many ships and boats have been wrecked or grounded there. It was a part of Esperance Municipality until 1993, when the municipality was merged with . Tasmania is home to two winners of the prestigious Archibald PrizeJack Carington Smith in 1963 for a portrait of Professor James McAuley, and Geoffrey Dyer in 2003 for his portrait of Richard Flanagan. The domestic sea route between Tasmania and the mainland is serviced by Bass Strait passenger/vehicle ferries operated by the Tasmanian government-owned TT-Line. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have been dammed at some point to provide hydroelectricity. Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located on the Australian mainland. [85] Later it became known as Bass Strait. In addition, Bellerive Oval regularly hosts international cricket matches. The Privy Council also approved the colony changing its name from "Van Diemen's Land" to "Tasmania", and in 1856 the newly elected bicameral parliament sat for the first time, establishing Tasmania as a self-governing colony of the British Empire.[64]. 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