Therefore, public religion was a vital necessity in maintaining the public morals. Scotland's DNA Like John Adams and Patrick Henry, he was an outspoken Patriot, advocating independence from Great Britain. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. Upon his arrival, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction, and a library collection which clearly failed to meet student needs. In 1757, he wed Annis Boudinot, built their home Morven, and later had two sons and four daughters. On July 1, 1776, Richard Stockton and his good friend Rev. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. The Syng inkstand is a silver inkstand used during the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787. In 1776, Stockton was elected to the Second Continental Congress, where he took a very active role. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it."[20][21]. John Witherspoon. "My hand trembles," he said as he handed the quill to William Ellery, "but my heart does not." A bronze statue at Princeton University by Scottish sculptor Alexander Stoddart is the twin of one outside The University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland. Philip STOCKTON, Rev. As a native Scotsman, long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon soon came to support the Revolution, joining the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. Great hardships and suffering were also inflicted upon three signers from neighboring New Jersey. The historian Douglass Adair writes, "The syllabus of Witherspoon's lectures . His son Richard "The Builder" bought 5,500 acres of land from William Penn in Princeton, New Jersey and settled there with his wife Susannah (nee Witham) Robinson. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. This article was originally published in 2009. In 1772, fifteen year old Alexander Hamilton arrived from the West Indies and lived with Elias and Hanna for two years. Witherspoon cast his affirmative vote for independence on July 2, 1776. Witherspoon advocated for "gradual emancipation" of slaves. Famously, when told that the country was not yet ready for independence, Witherspoon replied that it was "not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon would go on to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). Princeton University Press, 1948. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. Some had left Congress; others were away and had to sign later; and several new delegates had since been elected. In council he was wise and firm, but always prudent and moderateThe office of Judge of the province was never filled with more integrity and learning that it was by him for several years before the revolution. Witherspoon has been described by some historians as being "not a profound scholar" but "an able college president". My heart melts with compassion for my brave countrymen who are thus venturing their lives in the public service and yet so distressed. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. From among his students came 37 judges, three of whom made it to the U.S. Supreme Court; 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. Considered firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. It had been a long and muddy ride from Princeton, they had been caught in a violent thunderstorm, and their clothes were soaking wet. John's father was Richard "The Builder" Stockton. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. I shall empty my portmanteau of the stockings I have for my own use on this journey, excepting a pair to take back home, but this is a drop of water in the Ocean. Richard Stocktons heartfelt compassion for his fellow countrymen in dire need of everything was apparent in his letter as he was one of the few signers that actually traveled with the Continental Army. On June 22nd 1778 he invited the American army to encamp on his farm. John Witherspoon (1723-1794)John Witherspoon was the only active clergyman among the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The New York signers - William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, and Lewis Morris - were particularly vulnerable to British retaliation. [22], Witherspoon suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. For this reason, Rev. In this sense, the temporal principles of morality required a religious component which derived its authority from the spiritual. When John Witherspoon was born in 1730, in County Down, Ireland, his father, Robert Witherspoon, was 25 and his mother, Mary Stuart, was 21. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. As president of the College of New Jersey (1768-94; now Princeton University), he trained many leaders of the early nation and was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. Stockton's oldest son Richard was an eminent lawyer and later a Senator from New Jersey. Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. He who sustained the debate, and by the force of reasoning demonstrated not only the justice, but the expediency of the measure.. John Witherspoon would profess that he loved his new home in New Jersey, and that he had "become an American the moment he landed." There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. Princeton University is considering a petition, signed by nearly 300 members of the campus community, to remove a statue of John Witherspoon. Witherspoon has claimed descent from Scottish-born John Witherspoon, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence; however, this claim has not been verified by the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence genealogists. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing allegiance to the Crown.". Witherspoon accepted the impossibility of maintaining public morality or virtue in the citizenry without an effective religion. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. Presidents of Princeton University. References:Sanderson, Biography of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, page 195, 1831. ref>[1]Sanderson, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1823, page 156, 195.Stryker, William S., The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Cambridge. Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The College of New Jersey needed a first rate scholar to serve as its first president. He died in 1794 on his farm Tusculum, just outside of Princeton, and is buried in the Princeton Cemetery. There he married Catherine Williams, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies. Parades and demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations, were held across the states. On July 2, 1776, the day of the vote on independence, another delegate claimed that America wasn't yet ripe enough for independence. In his Lectures on Divinity, Rev. A Signer of the Declaration of Independence Under Attack. John Witherspoon is Don Rigali . He died a pauper in Princeton at the age of 51. Princeton University Press, 1954, p. 43.Sanderson, John. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and his papers and personal notes were lost. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. His efforts helped the Continental Army drive back Lord Cornwallis' army in retreat in 1780. From "Witherspoon Family History" by Evelyn Potter Park: John migrated [from Scotland] to Ireland at an early age and from there came to America in 1790. A Reading | Here were the elite of the 18th century America, but few were elitist. The Witherspoon Society is a body of laypeople within the Presbyterian Church (USA), in existence since 1979, that is activist in liberal and progressive causes. Dr. Samuel S. Smith, who succeeded Dr. W. as president of the college j and Frances, the second tiaughter, married Dr. David Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was a prominent 18th-century intellectual associated with the moral philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment. Not all of those who had voted for independence on July 2nd were present in August. The time had come to vote again on Richard Henry Lee's resolution. Five were jailed and brutally treated. He made a notable comment on that occasion; in reply to another member who argued that the country was not yet ripe for such a declaration, that in his opinion it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. In 1774, he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. When he was at last able to return to his home, John Hart found that his wife had died and his 13 children were scattered throughout the countryside or in captivity. She later had second thoughts, and a visit from the charming Dr. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. John Witherspoon brought some impressive credentials and a measure of public acclaim with him when he joined the colonies in 1768, as president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton). He signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, being the only clergyman and college president to do so. Besides paper documents, it is one of four still-existing objects that were present during the Constitutional Convention, along with the Liberty Bell, the chair that George Washington sat in as the Constitutional Convention's . His own health began to deteriorate and he was dead by the third anniversary of the signing of the Declaration. They had held a Stamp Act Congress in New York during September 1765, and that same year formed the Sons of Liberty, which one observer called, "a mob of gentlemen." He is particularly interested in the experiences of children in 1765-75. Have you taken a DNA test? Please try again. The petitions suggests replacing the statue with "an informational plaque which details both the positive and negative aspects of Witherspoon's legacy. That risk was not only substantial, it was imminent. I hope therefore that already a considerable quantity of shoes and stockings at least may be provided and that you will take immediate order for the sending of the parcels. Family. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. John Few was elected in February 3 . For the next 26 years, he would serve as Princeton's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning. John Knox Witherspoon, Signer of the & Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, President of College of New Jersey [present Princeton], Presbyterian minister, Signer of Declaration Of Independance, Elizabeth Montgomery (29 May 1722 - 1 October 1789), Anne Witherspoon (23 July 1749 - 1 April 1817), Christian Witherspoon, d.s.p. In 1776, the New Jersey delegates to the Congress were holding out against Independence. [1], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748.[2]. Stockton was appointed to committees supporting the war effort. [5] Witherspoon became prominent within the Church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. This article was originally published in 2009. ", Nelson demanded of the gunners. When his health permitted, Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice and teaching new students. The signers were public spirited and patriotic citizens who had for years been important in the affairs of their local communities and governments. [28][n 5] She worked . There is absolutely no proof this occurred. in New Orleans, Louisiana , United States (46 years), This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Reese WITHERSPOON (1976), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. John is first cousin to Rev. To which the witty Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania replied: "Yes, we must all hang together, or most assuredly, we shall all hang separately. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. Rush secured the deal. Civil government owed more to the latter than the former in Witherspoon's Presbyterian doctrine. When at last all his attempts to change the minds of the British failed, he decided he must, when given a choice of King or country, choose his native country. While there, on November 30, 1776, he and Covenhoven were captured in the middle of the night, dragged from their beds by loyalists, stripped of their property and marched to Perth Amboy and turned over to the British. John Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. Previously offered for $12M. SOURCE: Wikipedia, Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_%28Continental_Congre Caesar Rodney was weary when he reached his plantation near Dover on the night of July 1, 1776. Collection Overview . Some of the courses he taught personally were Eloquence or Belles Lettres, Chronology (history), and Divinity. Stocktons great-grandfather was Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton, 1635-1707, who arrived in Flushing, Long Island, New York, when it was still New Netherland. So terribly was he ravaged by the disease that he wore a green silk scarf over part of his face, and was described by one colleague as "an animated skeleton, with a bandaged head.". The Institute was founded in 2003 by Princeton University professor and conservative Robert P. George, Luis Tellez, and others involved with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. He was an affectionate husband, a tender parent and a cordial friend. Stone was the engraver. Stockton acquired his personal coat of arms and motto: Omnia Deo Pendent all depends on God. John R. Vile. They understood quite clearly that they were indeed pledging "to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 2006Gruber, Ira D., The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution. Stockton became an eminent Lawyer with one of the largest practices in the colonies. Unlike some English advocates of religious freedom, Witherspoon was willing to extend such freedom to Roman Catholics, and he believed that the state could encourage good behavior and that religious virtue led to political strength. Notre Dame, Ind. Built in 1773 by John Witherspoon, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence and a close friend to Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, the lovingly restored and expanded Tusculum estate offers over 23 acres of beautiful grounds, modern amenities and gracious living - right in the middle of Princeton, NJ. Christian Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 14 August 1750), Barbra Witherspoons (bap Beith, Ayrshire 20 February 1756), John Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 29 July 1757), George Witherspoon (31 Mar 1762-27 July 1762), WikiTree profile Witherspoon-160 created through the import of Maltby master 08282011.GED on Aug 30, 2011 by. Plaque on Edinburgh University School of Divinity, Biographical sketches of distinguished Jerseymen (1845), President Witherspoon in the American Revolution (July 1, 1896), The Works of the Rev. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey, Born on February 05, 1723 Exuberant citizens of Bowling Green, New York hauled down a large equestrian statue of George III and carried it to the Connecticut home of General Oliver Wolcott, a delegate to Congress. From Antigua they moved to Darby, Pennsylvania where Annis was born in 1736, then moved to Philadelphia where her father established a shop and home next door to Benjamin Franklin. John Stockton married his cousin Abigail and assumed his wifes Presbyterian faith. Stocktons home Morven had been occupied by British General Cornwallis. Died: November 15, 1794 at 71. Last May, five members of the philosophy . The papers of John Witherspoon include correspondence between and Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Benjamin Rush, Richard Stockton, and others, concerning his acceptance of the presidency of the College of New Jersey and his fundraising visit to Great Britain (1784); ms. biography of Witherspoon by Ashbel Green (1762-1848); and annotated copy of Thomas Crichton's . External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. These changes helped the school be more on par with Harvard and Yale, soon transforming the college into a school that would equip the leaders of a revolutionary generation. Between 1776 and 1782, Witherspoon would serve on more than 100 committees, wearing his minister's robes in Congress to remind the delegates that God was on their side. [1] John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. On the day of the signing, the British fleet - an armada of dozens of ships with 42,000 sailors and soldiers - was waiting off the coast to crush these patriots and make an example of them. John Witherspoon served with American Founding Fathers during the American Revolution. John Witherspoon There was no place to acquire these items and unfortunately no money to purchase them with if they were to be found. It was only through a protracted effort on the part of several eminent Americans, including Richard Stockton and Benjamin Rush, that the colonies were able to acquire his service. Lately Stockton has been maligned by a few writers claiming that Stockton took a pardon from General Howe and swore allegiance to the king. To fulfill this, he and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Son of James Alexander Witherspoon, III and Anne Witherspoon Richard Stocktons eldest son Richard became a New Jersey senator and Stocktons served in Congress for four generations. Husband of Annis Boudinot Stockton Because of the parole document Stockton signed with General Howe to gain his freedom, and giving his word of honor not to meddle in the war (required to be given a parole), Stockton resigned from Congress. Even George Read of Delaware, who had voted against the Declaration on July 2nd, signed it, as did Robert Morris of Pennsylvania, who had stayed away from the session rather than vote no as he was formally instructed to do. "[17], Long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon saw the growing centralization of government, progressive ideology of colonial authorities, and establishment of episcopacy authority as a threat to the liberties of the colonies. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration on July 4th, 1776. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. Encyclopedia Table of Contents | Case Collections | Academic Freedom | Recent News, John Witherspoon, an early convert to the Patriot cause, was president of the College of New Jersey (today's Princeton University) and the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. 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