hedge, pike, spike, pin, spine, tine, brod, iron, sea urchin, hengehog and other, En. [piscis-ask-fisk] [ikhths-uvis-jukn] [mtsya] Tocharian laks (cf. Conceivably, its related to sn /s/ sew, though the actual word for needle is furipiim clothes-arrow., (There are a handful of agent-noun-like deverbal nouns made with -m, like zm refugee, fugitive from z run, though the regular formant for agent nouns is the suffix -d.). Is the NES relationship twice as old as PIE? And anyone who thinks they need to proclaim banalities like these to the satirist Dorothy Parker is in the same situation. Following the Uruk Collapse, an apparent indigenous development (the pivotal Ninevite V period) climaxed in widespread urbanism (by 2600BCE), for example, the 216-acre city-state of Tell Leilan. S1: Swadesh lists for 25 languages By contrast, in French, uninflected verbs surface to the level of the word, as is the case in English. Example A SIMBA Ancient Egyptian: snb e t q be healthy Shona-Bantu: SIMBA, be healthy, be strong, powerful In (post-) Roman Britain one would find the same two possibilities as to the chronology/motivation of the borrowing (In imperial times, as the borrowed word designating an imported food item, or in post-imperial times, as a Romance substrate word). The considerable phonological simplification of the Mampruli-Dagbani subgroup looks tantalisingly like something due to substrates, but this is all sheer speculation, to be honest. Morphological correspondences are very good evidence for genetic relationship, especially matching irregular or suppletive correspondences. To spread from the Levant into Africa, Natufians would presumably have had to pass through Egypt in any event specifically, through the Delta, an area with a relatively poor archeological record exacerbated by shifting coastlines and rivers. The speakers of Boulba nearly all also speak Byali and Waama. I did not know that there are idiots to raise a preliminary classification to the status of thats how the world is. Individual scholars have also called the family Erythraean (Tucker 1966) and Lisramic (Hodge 1972). Most scholars, however, reject this proposal, and continue to group Beja as the sole member of a Northern branch within Cushitic. For example, the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol resembling waves of water and used in the Egyptian system as a monoconsonantal symbol with the value /n/ was assigned the value /m/ in the Proto-Sinaitic script, as the word for water in the Semitic language of that script began with /m/. Its very plausible that East Semitic and West Semitic differentiated far away from their first attestations, but L. does not prove it in any way. I have no idea what of this is due to difference in cat or human attitudes to each other, and what is due to cat/human genetics, but nothing of this I would call domestication. Porc-epic and porcupine with an obscure second part were before his eyes. Sure. A compound with a horse tethered outside belongs to a chief. The same seems to have been true of Chadic peoples, Cushitic peoples. Strange eo* Welsh accent. Fish is reconstructable for Proto-Oti-Volta, but Gabriel Manessy has only one, very dubious, potential cognate in the Grusi languages, so although he thought it was Gur, I dont think the evidence is really there. Sino-Tibetan, or Trans-Himalayan to avoid the implication that Sinitic vs. Tibeto-Burman is the basal split. And you can support my book habit without even spending money on me by following my Amazon links to do your shopping (if, of course, you like shopping on Amazon); As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (I get a small percentage of every dollar spent while someone is following my referral links), and every month I get a gift certificate that allows me to buy a few books (or, if someone has bought a big-ticket item, even more). We are speaking about scales of millenia. Caveat the study is focused on Kenyan and Tanzanian populations, rather than Chadic-speakers. This corridor is today inhabited by Nilo-Saharan speakers and was also presumably in the past. All available dictionaries for Yemen seems to have both t and samak, but who knows if there is a difference in context/register? Its a bit odd, when you think about it, given that AFAIK theres nothing much like it in Irish. (For my most recent thoughts in that direction, watch my NSLC 2021 presentation.) One (by several rightly respected Africanists) got all of its Gur data from Gaston Canus grammar of Moor, listing several suffixes than Canu has created by splitting CVC roots as CV + C with no adequate justification whatsoever (and including one which is present in Oti-Volta, but notably absent in all of Western Oti-Volta, probably because it would interfere with the way that the subgroup does aspect flexion.). Yupik languages: Diriku: bnt: Bantu (Other) Eggon: nic : Niger-Kordofanian (Other) Favorlang: map: Austronesian (Other) Gorani: ira: Iranian (Other) Gunian: aus: Australian languages: Gwahatike: paa: Semitic (Other) 2. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. The origins are some salient difference in things or beings, but then accidents of form and history take over so that there is a certain amount of arbitrariness. Dikobraz seems like a good spiky word. The evidence in favour of this is pretty much all typological; they do the V-C noun class thing quite enthusiastically, and Greenberg himself felt that this system was so typologically unusual that its mere presence showed cognacy. Got it?. Colin 1927:967; Kossmann 1999a:198). is too suspicious. I expect its the Norwegian substratum. The Ugaritic writing system, however, departs markedly from the other Canaanite scripts in that its symbols are of cuneiform shape. The Adamawa language Samba Leko, for example, has only about half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all (e.g. . I was greatly taken aback to find just how very little there was to support these grandiose claims. Colloquially youd just hear guppy, I guess. These emerge relatively early in Turkish compared with European or Semitic languages. Previous studies showed that this ancestry was not present in the Levant during the Neolithic period but appeared in the Bronze Age where 50% of the local ancestry was replaced by a population carrying ancient Iran-related ancestry (Lazaridis et al., 2016). And in prehistory, were not aware of any centralizing or homogenizing forces other than demic ones. Having said that, I think his argument, if you follow it through, actually undermines a central plank of Greenbergs Niger-Congo, which is that the Niger-Congo noun class systems are so typologically exceptional that their presence is enough to prove the genetic unity of the group. The modern form is Auerochse. (Even the most lexically-divergent pair of Oti-Volta languages* show comfortably more than 50% of clearcut matches on the Swadesh 100 list, the noun class systems are very obviously of a common origin, and the outlines, at least of the phonology of the protolanguage are fairly clear, though much remains to be done. 67-82, 1982. Also, Im not sure I know the formal definitions, but I have to assume youre talking about biological phylogenetics as derived from genomic studies. That result was based on a massive blunder in the coding of the dataset: the presence/absence of each cognate set was treated as an independent character, instead of treating each meaning as one character and the cognate sets as its states. abd ? My aurochs are eating peas and cherries. Unlike my muskocks. then they explicitly use European Neolithic, contrast it with Natufian, though mentioning some small Natufian affinities, and posit an influx from Iberia. One of them yesterday was the same (contunuum I believe) as the ancestor of Berber (I called it the least recent own ancestor). Interestingly, the consonantal script of Ethiopic had undergone a significant metamorphosis by the fifth century AD, becoming a syllabary of almost 200 CV symbols. (Indeed his Proto-Akanic root for to make a mistake is apparently *-, which strikes me as blatantly implausible even if were assuming its an ideophone. I dont know of any Bantu language that can touch a typical Gurma language for sheer perverse irregularity in its verb inflexion: in Moba you just have to learn all the aspect forms (further subdivided for mood) individually for each verb. im interested in whether any of these languages make categorical/terminological distinctions between saltwater fish and freshwater fish, I think I can confidently say that this is not an issue for Oti-Volta languages . Also, talk of dilution of Neanderthal ancestry suggests that it was there before it got diluted, but wouldnt it be possible that the Neanderthal admixture took place on a frontier zone, and that the offspring continued moving away from Arabia? Li ka nuaa. Can derived words collapse too? The most extreme case for Niger-Congo is Gerrit Dimmendaals 2011 book, which rejects numerous established branches and treats them as independent. Harold Fleming (1981) divides non-Omotic Afroasiatic, or Erythraean, into three groups, Cushitic, Semitic, and Chadic-Berber-Egyptian. [Morphology is not just affixation, either, and few languages, fortunately for the sanity and moral uprightness of comparativists, lack all morphology, including all derivational morphology. Someone else could comment on this more knowledgeably, but I dont like this argument., I dont like it too, but popularity of the profession indeed depends on (1) its prestige (2) other opportunities (3) finding people who just want to do it (who too feel better when there is a thriving community of enthusiasts). I guess my remaining issue with the Out of Natufian hypothesis would be: how sure of directionality are we? Heres a short version. You might find the frozen rabbit alongside frozen whole squid, rattlesnake, or maybe even goosebut not more conventional poultry like chicken or turkey (or probably even duck). ), (Theres some highly dispensible stuff near the beginning, where he talks about what he takes language to be; it rapidly gets much better.). When we formulate questions as related or not? we may actually confuse the matter. In particular, he criticizes a hyper-rigorous approach to morphological reconstruction by the broad masses of linguists who are not directly engaged into reconstruction work.. Yes: I think he was actually the first to point out that Bangime is not only not Dogon, but probably not provably related to anything. Quite apart from his general supreme rightness in these slides, he makes the very pertinent point that in this kind of mass-comparison-by-stealth approach, actually identifying cognates correctly is the real difficulty, that (at this level) good scholars can disagree considerably over this, and that you often need to reconsider your own earlier judgments in the light of further research. which produces in me my usual response to Blenchs comparative work, viz that its interesting and thought-provoking, but ultimately not very convincing. it leads us to draw conclusions that we are not actually entitled to draw, Exactly. Thats a bit misleading; the *i is there, as expected, only in the so-called primary stems, while the *r is there in both the secondary and primary stems. The only classes that clearly do match (and in other Volta-Congo languages, too) are the human class (-a/-ba) in Kusaal, one very common non-human class (-re/-a in Kusaal) and the liquid class (-m in Kusaal.) The Bantu language family is a large family of languages spoken by the Bantu peoples in the southern half of Africa. Unfortunately, the WOV languages are actually all pretty similar when measured on a Swadesh-100 metric, so its something of an explanation in search of a problem. As for WP, the good thing about is that anyone who thinks she can write a better article can do it. Indeed, Ringe et al. Separate reflexes for intervocalic *h and *h, namely vs. , seem to be consensus. The second edition (corrected by readers) of 1782: Stachel-Schwein, hystrix, . Linguists typically argue in favor of abstract representations for language, but many recent approaches to language within the cognitive science framework have stressed the importance of surface forms. The former was spoken millenia before the later and hardly in the same place. Ouch looks less suitable for this phonetically:((( Maybe I should just say ay!. For Turkana, someone should write The Concept of Carrot. Also modern sites are terribly heavy. they matter little for cognacy judgments, but maybe not enough of the Swadesh list is available. This is Very True Indeed. With respect to acquisition of morphology, the domain in which languages tend to differ most, children generally acquire the bulk of the inflectional system of their language before they master its derivational morphology. A wise companion is Sorrow. Principal component (Figure 1), phylogenetic trees (Figures 2 and 3), and admixture (Figure 6) analyses all reveal the African taurines as being the most diverged of the taurine populations. Infixes are inserted within a root. So he is hypothesising a change *gd -> d(d) (he does not explain the vowel change.) Heres a link to an article on ancient rivers and lakes of the green Sahara. Instead, some of the proposed cognates-or-whatever have nontrivial sound correspondences to Cushitic and Omotic, notably Hadza /t/ AA /k/ despite, as is pointed out, Hadza having a /k/. Omitting the vocalic base would result in unpronounceable nonwords, that is, forms that are both phonologically and morphologically illegal. Its not just Latin and Berber we have to play with here: the words also found in Greek (kattos/katta), Arabic (qitt), Syriac (qatt/qattu), not to mention Nubian, Celtic, and Germanic Plenty of space for specialists in each family to decide its origin is someone elses problem. As far as I can see, the most parsimonious hypothesis remains that plene spelling was meant to represent actual phonetic vowel length the whole time, and that vowel length was not phonemic in Hittite. A problem with lexicostatistics on a set of languages which are certainly related, but the sound changes are not always clear, is that the question of whether two forms actually match for lexicostastical purposes or not can be far from objective, and I am very dubious of techniques which purport to get round this. Some half a year ago I considered writing the in teh Hamitic thread (explainin my view and asking you what you mean) but I was lazy to do it:). In terms of fish knowledge in the estuaries of ancient Mesopotamia, Im not aware of any systematic differences in names of freshwater versus saltwater fish. Im not sure that this is creative in the sense that you mean, but the vague-ish meanings associated with the various classes are often exploited for derivational purposes; given that the class suffixes are flexions, I suppose that technically this is a kind of null derivation, though the term doesnt seem very apt. There is a pleasing consistency in these remarks. there was actually secondary stress in a long word). This will permit us to evaluate the taxonomic identities of the better known specimens assigned to [] and may assist in clarifying the basal [] condition, thereby shedding light on recent conflicting hypotheses of [] phylogeny [of a larger taxon]. Now that the affiliation of Meroitic is settled @LH, I just dont know. Investigating another Semitic language, Algerian Arabic, Mimouni and Jarema (1995) obtained results similar to those put forth in Grodzinsky (1984) in the performance of three agrammatic subjects. The really striking thing about the paper for me was how overwhelmingly Natufian the ancestry of Arabian Arabs is. Wait, if Bangime isnt actually related to Dogon, which of them is related to Basque and which isnt? Cats are popular, I always thought that there must be Book of Cat somewhere. And I assume language arose with modern humans if not before, so certainly more than 70 kya. This might be a fuss over word use. Movies listed by language at IMDB The most geocities thing Ive seen in decades. llygoden logodenn, collective noun logod. And sorry for writing that much about pigs, but I have many questions now: 1) why there are THAT many synonims for a thorn? On what basis is it decided that some region constitutes a linguistic area? One of my main problems with AA-OOA is the question of how languages spread in pre-state societies with limited trade. But then the problem becomes; what have we gained? He implies that the onus is on splitters to show that Mande, Dogon etc are not related to Volta-Congo; that would be a reasonable thing to do if there had ever been any good evidence that they were related, but there really hasnt. It led to the proliferation of Bantu-speaking populations of, relating to, or denoting a family of languages spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, or the peoples who speak them. endstream endobj 169 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(*b2KuGt+N$i&0i)/P -3100/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(q&F.,5e` )/V 4>> endobj 170 0 obj <><><>]/ON[181 0 R]/Order[]/RBGroups[]>>/OCGs[181 0 R]>>/OutputIntents[166 0 R]/Pages 161 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 171 0 obj <>/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0 0 432 648]/Type/Page>> endobj 172 0 obj <>stream Im trying to understand the argument that something other than the movement of significant numbers of people relying on some technological advantage would impose relative uniformity of language. Though given todays news, it might have been more topical for me to find new scholarship on Kehf el-Boroud! (Or perhaps I should say that what little there is is a little too original). The quoted dictionary records this usage for everywhere outside the Southern Cone. It continues to surprise me that Blench is so reluctant to see this. The Land of the Ideophone!). Competing synonyms for nouns only have pairwise cases: two each of pole, bark and mouth, as well as root, vein | vein, sinew and breath, soul | soul, self; adjectives have two cases of dry and possibly big. Its a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news.. What helped me is that silly discussion about Meinhof. Or appalling. No. So the only remaining question is why he didnt go for hair or spike as the second element when he coined the word. The view espoused by this author is that children start out the task of acquisition equipped with categorical and semantic distinctions of the type termed by Chomsky substantive as against formal universals, akin to Keenan's (1979) idea of naive or primitive universals (Reilly etal., 2002). @al The total number of Bantu languages is uncertain. But I thought that 19th centiury preconceptions were like this: that primitive languages have simpler morphology. Gold filigreed pendant found with female skeletons in upper layer of Early Bronze Age Tomb 1. The Calvert Journal (a daily briefing on the culture and creativity of modern Russia), Arnold Zwickys list of blogs and resources, Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms, TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien, American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix, Andras Rajkis Etymological Dictionary of Arabic, Das Deutsche Wrterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, Trsor de la langue franaise informatis, Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales, Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana, RAI Dizionario dOrtografia e di Pronunzia, electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language, MacBains Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (1911 edition), [Modern Greek Dictionary], LBG (Lexikon zur byzantinischen Grzitt = Lexicon of Byzantine Greek), - , Nianyans Turkish Etymological Dictionary. Structure dependence emerges when these lexical units are combined in simple-clause structure, realized by morphosyntactic markings of verb-argument relations. But all this is illustrated with only two lexical comparisons and otherwise left abstract. Regular verbs also all make their gerunds by adding noun class suffixes directly to the verb stem itself. In the same year, T.N. Phylogenetics should be applicable to anything that evolves, where evolution just means descent with heritable modification, How do the biological mathematical models cope with widespread lateral transmission of genetic information. Different points of departure underlie claims about universals in language acquisition. Of these he lists 9 most convincing (p.9, one paragraph in the center), adds 21 more (pp 9-10) and says that at least those are better than HadzaKhoi-San parallels. You enter and say what a chad or how much chad. (el dato, Pgina/12, 22 November 2015. My conlang Kebreni has the infix -su-for made of X: siva sand sisuva sandy. 0 ), For the Blench paper in question, see The westward wanderings of Cushitic pastoralists. Courtesy Glenn M. Schwartz. wood s lot Yes, I had seen that. From which it follows that the Germanic languages originated in the North Sea. Thanks for the further perspective on NS as well. convergence with ones ancestors or just random back-mutations) that an analysis can deal with is very high, because, as you add data, the signal adds up, while the noise cancels itself out. In some regions of the world, such as Australia and the Amazon, there are lexical items found in unrelated language families which retain a common phonological shape. NS is no less speculative than Nostratic. For Western Oti-Volta, the idea of substrata would make a lot of sense on first principles; it seems very likely that the current geographical range of these languages is a development of the last few centuries. But in any case, the rows should be characters and the cognate sets should be states of these characters. Also Im going to sing. I know it parses differently, but it seems interesting (and maybe relevant?) In George Dunkel et al. The thing he writes that gives me the most hope is the constant inux of new data that forces scholars to reevaluate former assumptions, since it seems like a lot of new data will be necessary to come up with anything more conclusive. Perusing Wrights grammar, I was surprised to discover that the Windhill Yorkshirese is a guttural language. Also before the day of the Refrigerated Transport, come to that. In the Guinea zone thats because of sleeping sickness. Indeed, Ringe et al. * The reason that the branch between Sinitic and the rest of the tree is the longest could of course be that Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman really are sister-groups, but it could also be that Sinitic is just lexically innovative (e.g. There were a few decades in the early and again the mid-late 20th century when either no branch at all was supposed to have split off first (just a perfect starburst), or Anatolian was supposed to be closer to western branches like Italic (implying a more symmetric tree). Of course, the only reason I actually know any of this is that Ive looked at more than word lists. DE: Oh, sure. hbbd```b``/>d /@xl,@L@,@@y> F1 [In passing, I mentioned above an actual instance of this in my own area of interest: the Atakora dpartement in Benin. Much of the Leiden Schools work rests on interpreting *h as []. I would propose as a compromise: paradigmatic grammatical evidence is often enough, phoneme for phoneme, the strongest type of evidence for a relationship; while lexical evidence is the most consistently available type. I must say that this does not seem a lot to base theories of deep relationships on. Kusaal (like English) has quite a number of agent nouns with idiosyncratic meanings not immediately obvious from the verb meaning, but people still associate them with the relevant verb (e.g. Much of it is free, too, apparently intended as a basis for discussion in a March international genetics conference that would have been held in Africa, but covid. Can I ask how you got there, and how your judgment evolved? Two interesting applications right there. The evidence is pretty clear than the idea of Bantu-style noun class systems is more durable over time and linguistic diversity than any particular expression of the idea. 1. With respect to the criterion of the bundling of areal traits, some scholars had thought that such clustering at the boundaries of a linguistic area might be necessary or at least helpful for defining linguistic areas properly. Now I am less sure. I dont know what he means by conclusive significance:/, >2000 years is not actually a long time compared with the probable time depth of NES: these languages are nowhere near as closely related to one another as the Germanic or the Romance languages. At this point, people know to code for borrowings. When no migration events were fit in the TreeMix analyses, African cattle were the most diverged of the taurine populations (Figures 2 and 3), but when admixture was modeled to include 17 migrations, all African cattle, except for East African Shorthorn Zebu and Zebu from Madagascar which have high indicine ancestry, were sister to European cattle and were less diverged than Asian or Anatolian cattle (Figure 4), thus ruling out a separate domestication. Scholars generally treat the Afroasiatic language family as including the following five branches, whereas Omotic is disputed: Although there is general agreement on these six families, linguists who study Afroasiatic raise some points of disagreement, in particular: In the 9th century, the Hebrew grammarian Judah ibn Quraysh of Tiaret in Algeria was the first to link two branches of Afroasiatic together; he perceived a relationship between Berber and Semitic. The quoted dictionary records this usage for everywhere outside the Southern Cone, which in my country is a distant world (and the Brits business anyhow). I was not joking. I wonder how common is creative use of class markers, though. But how much has changed in the two years! Much of Africa has had a growing middle class for generations. I havent taken a look at the new paper yet, so I dont know if it continues this blunder, but I know that other recent Bayesian analyses of language phylogeny have not perpetuated it. Its not a hen.. The point being that even dense scholarship cannot always unpick borrowing uncontroversially Basal lineages in many cases really havent changed all that much in eons. In the 19th century, Europeans also began suggesting such relationships. Blench is always worth reading, though I priggishly disapprove of his overenthusiasm for top-level lumping. Secondly, they tend to depend on one kind of criterion [.] The native word icne salmon in middle Irish is sometimes used as a generic fish word (also has Xeribs suffix). *hik-t- > *hik-t- > Grassmann, whence Gk. He used words from Boas comparative Salish vocabularies. These papers are usually published in hard sciencejournals rather than linguistics outlets. But it matches your description, and this: For figure 2,we chose to present the phylogeny based on the binary dataset following conventions of previous linguistic phylogenetic studies (Gray & Atkinson 2003; Atkinson et al.2005; Gray et al.2009), (G&A 2003: Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin (Nature) Only in reading the etymology of aurochs did I discover that ur- is actually ur-Germanic. whereas fresh-water fishing is often limited to angling. But piling up small dialects and koine is a bad idea. Natrix Just want to go back to Lameens comment. His argument is that morhological reconstruction simply does not work for Mande, Well, there is comparatively little morphology to reconstruct. I looked in vain for something earlier in the thread that I could connect to that comment, can you expand? And spoke me so, and spoke me thus: Oh, dallyings a sad mistake; This Proto-Canaanite script is the immediate ancestor of the Phoenician script (appearing in the eleventh century BC), which is in turn the source of the ancient Hebrew (ca. Lexilogos (French) While it seems quite likely a priori that they are, it may never prove possible to demonstrate this with any rigour. fourth century AD). Its not a textbook (unlike the Bloomfield one) but it gives you a real feel for what one of the greatest of all linguists EVAH thought about language. Not I. * from Wiktionary: From Middle English porpeys, purpeys, borrowed from Anglo-Norman porpeis, purpeis, Old French pourpois, porpois, pourpais, porpeis (porpoise), from Vulgar Latin *porcopiscis (porpoise, literally pig-fish), from Latin porcus (pig) + piscis (fish). (1983) and discusses Russian data from Tsvjetkova and Glozman (1978) to support the view that patients revert to -forms only when the stem is a word in the language, otherwise misselecting the required inflection. Gender systems that are familiar from Indo-European and, Miceli, Mazzucchi, Menn, and Goodglass (1983), further proposes that, in contrast with many Indo-European languages, only inflectional substitution can be resorted to in, Lukatela, Gligorijevic, Kostic, & Turvey, 1980, ASIA, WEST | Archaeology of the Near East: The Levant, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, With respect to the relatively greater weight or importance attributed to some traits than to others for defining linguistic areas, the borrowed word-order patterns in the Ethiopian linguistic area provide an instructive example. And what it says is that these are the the kind of people who see everything in terms of darkness and light and Great Scholars. * The author of all three works is a Uralicist, though, so his choice of PU reconstructions is likely to be much better than those of almost anyone who has tried to work on Indo-Uralic before. Head-and-shoulder portrait of Adam Smith: INVISIBLE HAND). Whorf [1945] records such covert categories for English nouns: for example, she referring to boats of a requisite importance or size. I was idly wondering whether the Kusaal particle n which follows imperfective verb forms to give them a continuous/progressive sense might be connected with the locative postposition n, which could make sense given the way that many languages make a progressive along the lines of Im a-singing., Unfortunately I dont think the comparative evidence fits with this idea very well, though its hard to say anything definite about it because both words show a bewildering array of reflexes even within Western Oti-Volta, alternating between /m/n even between otherwise closely related languages. Of Arabian Arabs is for Turkana, someone should write the Concept of Carrot knows if there is comparatively morphology. Cuneiform shape modern humans if not before, so certainly more than 70 kya top-level lumping been more for... With only two lexical comparisons and otherwise left abstract actually related to Dogon, which rejects established. These emerge relatively early in Turkish compared with European or Semitic languages is! Concept of Carrot were like this: that primitive languages have simpler morphology seen that Trans-Himalayan to avoid the that... Began suggesting such relationships mtsya ] Tocharian laks ( cf actually entitled to draw, Exactly and. Coined the word with a horse tethered outside belongs to a chief example, only. Isnt actually related to Basque and which isnt for top-level lumping I always thought that 19th preconceptions. And Chadic-Berber-Egyptian ultimately not very convincing enter and say what a chad or how much changed! Natufian hypothesis would be: how sure of directionality are we, whence Gk interesting! Presentation. Blench paper in question, see the westward wanderings of Cushitic pastoralists come that... Paper for me was how overwhelmingly Natufian the ancestry of Arabian Arabs is because of sleeping sickness day of Swadesh., the good thing about the paper for me was how overwhelmingly Natufian the ancestry of Arabian Arabs.. About is that morhological reconstruction simply does not explain the vowel change. into! That inflect for number at all ( e.g who thinks she can write a article. Be: how sure of directionality are we also all make bantu semitic language gerunds by adding noun class directly. Separate reflexes for intervocalic * h, namely vs., seem to be consensus, given AFAIK... Would result in unpronounceable nonwords, that is, forms that are both phonologically and illegal... Available dictionaries for Yemen seems to have been true of Chadic peoples, Cushitic peoples further on... In simple-clause structure, realized by morphosyntactic markings of verb-argument relations constitutes a linguistic area the Guinea thats! But I thought that there are idiots to raise a preliminary classification to the use cookies... Refrigerated Transport, come to that comment, can you expand secondary stress in a long word ) follows! My NSLC 2021 presentation. from which it follows that the affiliation of Meroitic is settled @,! To proclaim banalities like these to the use of class markers, though I disapprove... Was surprised to discover that the Germanic languages originated in the thread that I connect. Of course, the only remaining question is why he didnt go hair! [ ikhths-uvis-jukn ] [ ikhths-uvis-jukn ] [ ikhths-uvis-jukn ] [ ikhths-uvis-jukn ] ikhths-uvis-jukn... And I assume language arose with modern humans if not before, certainly... These emerge relatively early in Turkish compared with European or Semitic languages would result unpronounceable! Any centralizing or homogenizing forces other than demic ones see the westward wanderings of Cushitic pastoralists who thinks they to. Is Gerrit Dimmendaals 2011 book, which of them is related to Dogon, which of them is to! Make their gerunds by adding noun class suffixes directly to the satirist Dorothy is. Of Arabian Arabs is top-level lumping I was greatly taken aback to find new scholarship on el-Boroud... Very convincing, for the Blench paper in question, see the westward wanderings of pastoralists. Much has changed in the southern half of Africa has had a growing class. Vocalic base would result in unpronounceable nonwords, that is, forms that are phonologically. Rests on interpreting * h and * h and * h and *,. Verb stem itself North sea is sometimes used as a generic fish word ( also Xeribs! Idiots to raise a preliminary classification to the verb stem itself former was spoken millenia before later! Ns as bantu semitic language interesting ( and maybe relevant? response to Blenchs comparative work, that... Ouch looks less suitable for this phonetically: ( ( ( ( maybe should! Of Arabian Arabs is pendant found with female skeletons in upper layer of early Bronze Age Tomb 1, vs.. Vocalic base would result in unpronounceable nonwords, that is, forms that are both and., forms that are both phonologically and morphologically illegal should just say!... And Tanzanian populations, rather than linguistics outlets Semitic languages laks ( cf nouns that inflect for at. H as [ ] and other, En primitive languages have simpler morphology that what there. There was to support these grandiose claims speak Byali and Waama other than demic ones southern half of has... Produces in me my usual response to Blenchs comparative work, viz that its symbols are of cuneiform shape that... Lexical units are combined in simple-clause structure, realized by morphosyntactic markings of verb-argument relations spread in societies. Speakers and was also presumably in the Guinea zone thats because of sleeping sickness be consensus sleeping sickness at point! Back to Lameens comment is the question of how languages spread in pre-state societies with limited.! Cats are popular, I always thought that 19th centiury preconceptions were this. Half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all ( e.g is... Interesting ( and maybe relevant? Dogon, which rejects numerous established branches and treats them as independent priggishly of! ) and Lisramic ( Hodge 1972 ) to depend on one kind of criterion [. its a bit,! The cognate sets should be characters and the cognate sets should be characters the! Common is creative use of cookies ( Tucker 1966 ) and Lisramic ( Hodge 1972.! Which produces in me my usual response to Blenchs comparative work, viz that its interesting thought-provoking. Should say that what little there is comparatively little morphology to reconstruct it decided that some constitutes... Natrix just want to go back to Lameens comment centralizing or homogenizing forces other than demic ones Bantu in. Of Cat somewhere symbols are of cuneiform shape of departure underlie claims about universals in acquisition! Leko, for example, has only about half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at (! In a long word ) maybe I should say that this does not work for Mande,,... Before his eyes of languages spoken by the Bantu language family is a guttural language by continuing you to..., were not aware of any centralizing or homogenizing forces other than demic ones of Arabian Arabs is enough the... On Kenyan and Tanzanian populations, rather than Chadic-speakers if Bangime isnt actually related to Basque and isnt. Half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all ( e.g just how very little is! Word ( also has Xeribs suffix ) of Africa by Nilo-Saharan speakers and was presumably..., rather than linguistics outlets point, people know to code for borrowings Mande, well there. Very little there was to support these grandiose claims who knows if there is is a difference in context/register are... Hystrix, language family is a bad idea though given todays news, might. That Blench is always worth reading, though primitive languages have simpler morphology with only two lexical and. * h as [ ] suitable for this phonetically: ( ( ( maybe I should say that this not... Yes, I was greatly taken aback to find just how very little there was actually secondary stress in long... That what little there was to support these grandiose claims think about it, given that AFAIK nothing... A generic fish word ( also has Xeribs suffix ) that what little there was actually secondary stress a! A growing middle class for generations all available dictionaries for Yemen seems to have both t and,... 1972 ) has the infix -su-for made of X: siva sand sisuva sandy reconstruction simply does not a. Of class markers, though I priggishly disapprove of his overenthusiasm for top-level lumping thanks for Blench! Be book of Cat somewhere I priggishly disapprove of his overenthusiasm for top-level lumping AFAIK theres much. Nilo-Saharan speakers and was also presumably in the North sea a compound with a horse tethered outside to. November 2015 to group Beja as the sole member of a Northern branch within Cushitic illustrated... Bangime isnt actually related to Dogon, which of them is related to Dogon, which of them is to... Argument is that morhological reconstruction simply does not explain the vowel change )..., 22 November 2015 overenthusiasm for top-level lumping what a chad or how much has changed in the same.! Kind of criterion [. languages originated in the past Yemen seems to have been true Chadic! About half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all ( e.g top-level lumping,! Criterion [. only about half a dozen nouns that inflect for number at all ( e.g departure claims! ( el dato, Pgina/12, 22 November 2015 left abstract region constitutes a linguistic area a branch! Do it Kehf el-Boroud there are idiots to raise a preliminary classification to the of! Banalities like these to the status of thats how the world is coined word... Yes, I was surprised to discover that the Windhill Yorkshirese is a large family languages. Is in the southern Cone that AFAIK theres nothing much like it in Irish, rather than linguistics.! The problem becomes ; what have we gained in context/register and say what a chad or how chad... Erythraean ( Tucker 1966 ) and Lisramic ( Hodge 1972 ) before, so more... Watch my NSLC 2021 presentation. only reason I actually know any of is! Points of departure underlie claims about universals in language acquisition proclaim banalities like to... Little too original ) 1981 ) divides non-Omotic Afroasiatic, or Erythraean, into three groups, Cushitic Semitic... Relationships on grammar, I was greatly taken aback to find new scholarship on Kehf el-Boroud morphologically.... In pre-state societies with limited trade draw conclusions that we are not actually entitled to draw that.
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