} if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { To protect control systems, well-established information security practices must also be utilized. There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. This would mean that either IEC 60950-1 or IEC 62368-1 are used to evaluate the communications and information technology subsystems, and communication links would be classified TNV, limited-power circuits, or the like if metallic, and other non-metallic communication technologies such as optical or wireless would be evaluated accordingly. We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. Those attackers are normally driven by intellectual challenge and curiosity. img.wp-smiley, Smart Grid technologies offer a new solution to the problem of monitoring and controlling the grid's transmission System. A model representation of a population of the water heater devices for the demand side frequency response is considered. This system is an intelligent residual current fire monitoring detector. If the power ever failed for more than a few hours the SPS could . The smart grid unlocks greener models. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { })(); if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { In order to defend against the vulnerabilities described above, several security features need to be incorporated into the development of AMI, along with new privacy laws to protect consumers. It is defined by the Center for Strategic and International Studies as "an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military, but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions of all levels to expand one's influence and establish legitimacy of one's action." [1] S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. Metallic connections to a telecommunication network would need to be evaluated in accordance with IEC 62368-1 or IEC 60950-1. Outages and faults will cause serious problems and failures in the interconnected power systems, propagating into critical infrastruc- Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates. Any telecommunication link that is even partially outside the control of the organization that owns and operates power plants, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, or energy management systems (EMSs) represents a potentially insecure pathway into the business operations of the company as well as a threat to the grid itself. These switches are convenient for driving LEDs, relays, and motors. Since it is imperative that the industry maintain 100% uptime, both the physical security of the AMI system hardware and multiple standard IT security features like encryption and authentication must be provided for. History of Evolution for (arg in args) { Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. IEC 60950-1, Edition 2.0, 2005-12, Information Technology Equipment Safety- Part 1: General Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. Nevertheless, the goal of transforming the current infrastructures into self-healing energy delivery, computer, and communications networks with unprecedented robustness, reliability, efficiency, and quality for customers and our society is ambitious. Synchronous attendance is NOT required.You will have access to your online course on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. if (em_track_user) { __gtagTracker('set', { var em_no_track_reason = ''; substations are used to transform voltage at several times in many locations, that providing safe and reliable delivery of energy. It can serve as a guidance for those working within multiple domains related to smart grid and smart grid systems and even for readers interested in understanding what the Smart Grid is,. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. While all electrical systems share the same basic . This course provides best practices of modern distribution power systems. Sign up to hear about 93, no. Virtually every crucial economic and social function depends on the secure and reliable operation of these infrastructures. That is, rather than develop a single standard for, say, a new electrical service equipment with intelligence, for a smart meter, it would make sense to continue to use the base product safety standard for meters, but plug-in the additional telecommunications and information technology safety modules. } hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. console.log(""); The size and complexity of the North American electric power grid makes it impossible both financially and logistically to physically protect the entire infrastructure. 4, pp. Figure 2. 624631. According to IEC 62368-1, Annex I (also IEC 60950-1, Annex Z), electricity meters and communications ITE for remote electricity metering are considered to be examples of Overvoltage Category IV equipment, or equipment that will be connected to the point where the mains supply enters the building. And they must also be robust as they will be deployed in very insecure locations. Analogously, customized and cost-effective advancements are both possible and essential to enable smarter and more secure electric power infrastructures. The cost of this DC storage system is only $160 per kWh compared with contemporary storage units at $400-$1000 per kWh, 14 and thus it is ideal for the low-cost energy storage of renewable energy in public and private utility grids. } else { p.set = noopfn; if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { . This would require the highest levels of guarding against intentional access to hazardous voltages. } In many ways, it will take the form of a merger of power generation, distribution, switching, and metering technology with communications and information technology, along with other applications of electrical energy. __gaTracker.apply(null, args); John Woltman, president of Smart Power Systems, says the company's generators "will uniquely provide trucks J1939-compatible communication plus advanced diagnostic capabilities." Design Features. } border: none !important; Articles 1-20. Today, security patches often are not supplied to end users, or users are not applying the patches, as they fear they will affect system performance. About Smart Power -. 'location': 'page_location', As a result, cybersecurity is just as important as physical security, if not more so. The potential exists to create an electricity system that provides the same efficiency, precision, and interconnectivity as the billions of microprocessors that it will power. 40, no. Creating Custom Bells; Guardian Bells. Energy Security, June 2009. !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode,e=(p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0),i.toDataURL());return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r