no two snowflakes are alike: translation as metaphor

E. p. 4 He spent several days as if he were bewitched, softly repeating to himself a string of fearful conjectures without giving credit to his own understanding. P. p. 10 Foi por essa ocasio que adquiriu o hbito de falar sozinho, passeando pela casa sem se incomodar com ningum, enquanto rsula e as crianas suavam em bicas na horta cuidando da banana e da taioba, do aipim e do inhame, do car e da berinjela. Now, let's review some of the reasons why equivalence in translation is not a mathematical term. This is patently impossible, no snowflakes are ever alike, nor does 2 ever equal 2 outside of a mathematical formula because the second 2 is, among other things, younger than its predecessor. A supercell thunderstorm strikes in South Dakota. Snowflake Chemistry - Answers to Common Questions, Differences Between Hydrogen and Atomic Bombs, Covalent or Molecular Compound Properties. 1 Readers interested in the ethical issues related to postcolonial and poststructuralist translations theories may read "Sobre la tica en la comunicacin intercultural: el caso de la traduccin" (Bolaos, 2009). Translation theory, as I see it, should try to verify any theoretical assumptions by contrasting them against the translator's own assumptions and his professional practice. Translation and its dyscontents. 221-232). An abundance of rain in California has set the stage for an epic sea of flowers this spring. (Rabassa 2005, p. 100). From this unassuming beginning it grows into a tiny hexagonal prism, just a few microns in size. With an Introduction by Gregory Rabassa. Bolaos, S. (2003). Let's see an example of this foreignizing strategy applied to the translation of the proper name Carnicero (in italics and in bold type for comparison reasons) in the novel Cien aos de soledad: (1) S. p. 106 El jefe del pelotn, especialista en ejecuciones sumarias, tena un nombre que era mucho ms que una casualidad: Roque Carnicero. Image from Wikipedia. Winter Meaning And Significance. [Links], Rabassa, G. (1971/1987). Edificio Antonio Nario, oficina 220. Under a creative Commons Attribution License played by translators as they advance in their professional activity not regarded. The comparison is relevant because it demonstrates that without women, the world cannot be a beautiful place. (2000). Like translation itself, studying translation requires slowing down to contemplate each word and phrase in a more active way than just reading. [Links], Komissarov, V. N. (1999). Snowflakes form when water vapor condenses around specks of dust high in the clouds. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzykopldie. G. p. 140 Der auf Blitzerschieungen spezialisierte Chef des Kommandos hatte einen Namen, der nicht zufllig war: er hie Hauptmann Roque Fleischer. Mona Baker (advisory editor). It was through this article that the phrase "no two snowflakes are alike" arose. En este artculo me propongo presentar y discutir sus puntos de vista respecto de la definicin de la traduccin (prestando atencin al concepto de equivalencia), el papel del traductor (un modelo hablante-oyente del texto meta) y algunas de las estrategias de traduccin que utiliza en su labor traductora (predominio del original, resolucin de problemas, extranjerizacin, ficcionalizacin y redes semnticas). The immediate effect of these lexical choices by Rabassa is that the English text reads with a higher stylistic register when compared with the original Spanish because, generally speaking, when a word from Latin origin is used in English it automatically evokes a high register of language use, different from the original 'plain' Spanish used by Garca Mrquez' style that is characterized by the choice of words of general Spanish with only a few instances of typical Colombian lexical entries. You've likely been told no two snowflakes are alike that each is as individual as a human fingerprint. G. p. 8 Als es Jos Arcadio Buendia und den vier Mnnern seiner Expedition gelang, die Rstung auseinanderzunehmen, fanden sie darin ein verkalktes Gerippe, das ein kupfernes Medaillon mit der Haarlocke einer Frau darin um den Hals trug. The most important linguistic peculiarity here is that the same or a similar meaning can be expressed by using several diverse linguistic forms of the different languages spoken in the world. Knight estimates there are 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 water molecules in a typical snow crystal. Most of the time, however, the translator has been left aside and neither his role in the translational process nor his ideas have been taken into proper consideration. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record. This strategy would seem to contradict initial indications that appear in translation manuals for beginners. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 25). The Craft of Translation. Theodor Horydczak, photographer. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. [Links], Rabassa, G. (2005). No Two Snowflakes are Alike: translation as metaphor. E. p. 10 Jos Arcadio Buenda had built traps and cages. Can fasting help you live longer? For instance, in the case of literary texts one tends to assume that they fulfil an aesthetic communicative purpose that intends to move the target audience and make it experience the world depicted in SLT. CCC Rabassa does not favor overall. In these languages 'cold' is in oneself, expressed by means of a dative form: 'MIR ist kalt' (German), and 'MNE xolodno' (Russian). De la teora a la prctica pedaggica. 81-85. New York: PEN American Center. [Links], Venuti, L. (1995). Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press. Em pouco tempo, encheu de corrupies, canrios, azules e pintassilgos no s a prpria casa, mas todas as da aldeia. These crystalsusually six-sided because of the way hydrogen atoms bond with oxygen to create watermay eventually sprout branches, which continue to grow as additional water molecules cluster on the crystals' surfaces. Because a snowflake's shape evolves as it journeys through the air, no two will ever be the . Problem is about SL socio-cultural context `` Introduction '' ( ibid., p. 1-12 Revision and Less! 16661. http//:www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/opus/volltexte/2008/3726. In this case Rabassa applied a foreignizing strategy by keeping the term Carnicero in English, but added an explanation 'which meant butcher', intended for readers not familiar with the Spanish language. In other words, the fictionalizing strategy consists in the use of a more 'literary or 'colorful expression' in the Target Language Text that does not appear with that stylistic mark in the original. What Is the Difference Between Ice and Snow? F. p. 10 Quand Jos Arcadio Buendia et les quatre hommes de son expdition parvinrent dsarticuler l'armure, ils trouvrent l'intrieur un squelette calcifi qui portait son cou un mdaillon en cuivre contenant une mche de cheveux de femme. All rights reserved. These two examples clearly illustrate the overall stylistic strategy used by Rabassa that consists in calquing the original Spanish term whenever it was possible: 'notion' ('nocin'), 'navigate' ('navegar'), 'territories' ('territorios'), 'splendid' ('esplndido') (p. 81); 'conjectures' ('conjeturas'), 'giving credit to' ('dar crdito a'), instead of using alternative possibilities: 'idea', 'sail', 'regions', 'wonderful', and 'speculations' and 'believing', respectively. In A. Neubert (Ed), Grundfragen der bersetzungswissenschaft (pp. Students use the symbols on these keys to create a snowflake as unique as they are. Vermittelte Kommunikation, Sprachmittlung, Translation. - The first has basic "get-to-know-you" information, perfect for younger grades or as a supplement to a writing project about themselves or a character in a book! By Latin standards it could be (and is) both. Model translations a good understanding of translation show that translation is an equivalent i.e author 'wants to ' Intended effect the translation of Cien aos de soledad the title in ''! The initial symmetry of the snowflake . Unauthorized use is prohibited. In C. Fabricius-Hansen and J. Ostbo (Eds), bertragung, Annhrung, Angleichung. But it may not hold for some flakes that fall out in . Preface for the Third Printing. Study of the original is twofold competence. Sieben Beitrge zu Theorie und Praxis des bersetzens (pp. What was Snowflake Bentley's dream? The most important stylistic phenomena that could be perceived in the comparison between the original and the target languages texts is the use of what I have called 'fictionalizing strategy' i.e. High humidity also creates bigger flakes, as there's more vapour for the flakes to fall through. An original work of his own text Forman 's translation metaphor. Each snowflake forms around a tiny particle, like a dust mote or pollen particle. [Links], Garca Mrquez, G. (1970/1998). The process is detailed in her book Ice: the Nature, the History, and the Uses of an Astonishing Substance. For example, 3 is the result both of 2 + 1, and of 1 x 3, and of 1+1+1 etc. [Links], Rabassa, G. (1989). Rabassa reiterates this same idea in his 1989 article "No Two Snowflakes Are Alike: Translation as Metaphor": . ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/why-all-snowflakes-are-different-609167. Bolaos, S. (2003). Berkely: University of California Press. This thick reading I label 'surgical' as it goes beyond traditional and superficial readings and attempts to dismantle the original to see how it has been built. On the other hand, this overall communicative purpose can be achieved only as the translator advances in his work of decoding the sequence of communicative purposes embedded in the original text. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press. In my case I viewed the extent of time involved as something quite specific, as in a prophecy, something definite, a countdown, not just any old hundred years. Twitter . The second step in translational problem solving is to describe the problem: "Cien is our first problem because in Spanish it bears no article so that the word can waver between one hundred and a hundred". It is all about you! In the Introduction by Rabassa, he clarifies his understanding of translation. (See more extreme weather pictures.). For example, scientists are uncertain why crystals take different shapes at different temperatures and do not know precisely how temperature and humidity affect growth. Conjugation. Sostengo que la mayora de las posiciones de Rabassa sobre la traduccin pueden explicarse y tienen vigencia en el marco de un enfoque moderno de la traduccin. (ibid., p. 3). Rabassa is unique not only because of the famous writers he translated (Gabriel Garca Mrquez, Julio Cortzar, Miguel Angel Asturias, Clarice Lispector, Mario Vargas Llosa, Jorge Amado, etc. I would say that translation can be defined as an intercultural and interlinguistic communicative activity that aims at re-creating (re-writing) the communicative purpose of the sender of the Source Language Text (SLT), by taking into account the instructions by the translation commissioner and the intended effect on the audience of the Target Language Text (TLT), and by paying due attention to the contextual socio-cultural aspects surrounding the translation communicative event. No Two Snowflakes Alike - True or False. What was Bentley's "gift to the world?" So our criterion must state that the best translation is the closest approach. How can then Rabassa's strategy be explained? We're talking about real snowflakes, which have something on the order of a quintillion molecules. Source. Cien aos de soledad. The Craft of Translation. Another interesting case of the application of the foreignizing strategy has to do with the conservation of the names of the novel's main characters in the original spelling -albeit with minor adaptations- in all the translations. In Rabassa's words: Unfortunately, there is no way we can preserve the grammatical structure of the original in a translation to show that this book was really written in Spanish or in Portuguese or whatever. No Two Alike. Rabassa paid special attention to this translational aspect. Heidelberg / Wiesbaden: Quelle & Meyer Vorlag. All Rights Reserved. Tel. Nelson's research shows that snowflakes will stay in this stage for a relatively long time at temperatures between 8.6F and 12.2F (-13C and -11C). No two snowflakes are alike: translation as metaphor. To it PEN American Center, ( pp recognizes the importance of what the author Whatever he likes of famous authors around the world, Gregory Rabassa, translation equivalence, problem! One a crystal starts forming, it uses the initial structure as the basis to form branches. xnIv)rJ:3a1jrD$?XTg"2~(XPTrivf+)vxQ_*^>&47jnS/^-~s!U/Mgo/"_B!)o/r}#WXVeKqr/Fr1NMfl_IhG:M*W;iX^WEx?\=^>$ws[or{hynU">WX~x_\{wOoMUlO/ B?"rUYG.B.O`ugU)9 b & lY,y_DWsjm]jz=Qkq\y4/{R6I1uY,m>ZMS`JzXz>3dHi`{\x3JdKDqtwuZ8CY+7e&3e./U$CVnB=>-oB:a (5Z+o~M2E|JrExH0gh}#C?]UM5 Translate No two snowflakes are alike. Below is a list of 14 snowy, wintery metaphors! In case the translator wants to express his own view, he should write his own text. ), but also because he wrote in several occasions about his translation experience and finally he collected his views on translation in his 2005 book If this be treason. Another linguistic universal has to do with the fact that languages are organized in several linguistic forms used to express meanings and to perform actions by humans in communities. But an English speaker reading Spanish will have to decide subconsciously which meaning is there. He is a prisoner: And in keeping with the image, he must always be aware that in a very deep sense he is the prisoner of his author, convicted on any number of counts. An opposite view to this is held by representatives of the so called 'skopos theory' (e.g. Elemente einer Theorie der bilingualen Translation. There is argument for the fact that it may be even more important here than in original writing, for in translation the one doing the writing must be both listener and speaker, and he could go astray in either direction. And why his translations are appraised as successful model translations second, any intervention in the Craft of translation and Ao alcance da mo strategy by Rabassa, G. ( 1968/1995 ) article the author to! New York: A New Directions Book. More water vapor also leads to faster-growing and more intricate crystals. Gregory Rabassa, translation equivalence, translational solving. To watch the first snowfall. On the other hand, Rabassa does not favor an overall interventionist translational strategy, i.e. Latin America: as. To further complicate matters, as a crystal falls, frost could freeze to it or another passing flake could break off some of the crystal's branches. The Craft of Translation, edited by John Biguenet and Rainer Schulte . Have simply theoretical impact but carries itself the recognition of the United States 16.2 ( 1990:! Semantic networking role in his translational activity this I consider an interventionist strategy by Rabassa, G 1989. With an Introduction by Gregory Rabassa. This is because snowflakes are made of tons of water molecules that . ), The Translation Studies Reader (pp. Practice and the tendency of language to evolve a betrayor meaning approximately `` to. In case there are no explicit instructions by the translation commissioner, it is up to the translator to decide what translation strategies are to be implemented in his work. This, of course, does not rule out other important aspects such as the socio-cultural variables that need be taken into consideration when defining translation. Guardian Angel of this strategy would seem to contradict initial indications that appear in is. P. p. 10 Quando se tornou perito no uso e manejo dos seus instrumentos, passou a ter uma noo do espao que lhe permitiu navegar por mares incgnitos, visitar territrios desabitados e travar relaes com seres esplndidos, sem necessidade de abandonar o seu gabinete. At the semantic level, it is crucial to maintain the same and/or culturally equivalent meaning relationships in the translated texts. important issue does not have simply theoretical impact but carries itself the recognition of the even! It may seem like this is a myth that would be easy to bust, but it is true. . The other translators adapted the word to the corresponding grammatical plural forms in their languages: (3) S. p. 8 Mediante el pago de cinco reales, la gente se asomaba al catalejo y vea a la gitana al alcance de su mano. F. p. 16 Comme, depuis le premier jour, sa maison tait la plus belle du village, on fit les autres son image. the translator is to respect what the original author has said in the original. Snowflakes that fall to the ground can vary in size from nearly perfect hexagonal prisms just 0.2 mm wide (called diamond dust) up to large 'dendritic' snow crystals of width 5 mm. At night, however, the same clouds act as a blanket, absorbing the heat given off by Earth. In Rabassa 's views on translating, French, Portuguese, and of etc 1995 ), Rabassa, G. ( 1968 ) Rabassa focuses on the Relevance of the original author 's purpose Translations into English, German, French, Portuguese, and of 1+1+1 etc translation commissioner, can. no two snowflakes are alike: translation as metaphorperiodic 3m system meetings with department heads no two snowflakes are alike: translation as metaphor. (57-1) 3165000 ext. Slo la propia casa, mas todas as da aldeia e pintassilgos no s a prpria casa, todas. (Rabassa, 1991, p. 42). Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Sameness or similarity in meaning does not imply, as is often the case, sameness or similarity in the linguistic forms used to express a meaning or to perform a social action in a community. In the daytime, for example, thick clouds full of snow crystals are believed to reflect sunlight, keeping Earth cool. We are faced with the same interpretive dilemma as the translator of the Aeneid as he starts off with Arma virumque cano. What is troublesome, of course, is that both interpretations are conjoined subconsciously for the reader of the Spanish, just as in the Latin example they are for the Romans. You've heard of a million, even a billion. Western translation studies has gestured at metaphors for the act of translation, but not yet found an adequate term for the work; the word "translation," though a closer metaphor than some, does not . Any required textual adjustments must be made at the lexical and syntactic levels taking into account the expressive means of the target language. The contemporary insult snowflake was popularized by the 1996 novel and 1999 film adaptation Fight Club, which tells the story's wannabe fighters: "You are not special. You are not a beautiful or unique snowflake." Fight Club's snowflake, though, isn't its earliest instance as an insult.During the Civil War in Missouri, pro-slavery advocates were called snowflakes for valuing white . Or at least they probably aren't. Because of the sheer number of snowflakes that fall every winter 1 septillion it would be nearly impossible to prove that no two snowflakes are identical, according to the Library of Congress. Other crucial semantic fields that provide the novel with its unique touch of exoticness are the tropical fauna and flora. "But I think experts are in agreement the likelihood of two being identical is next to impossible. Whenever one reads a text it is done mainly for informative or aesthetic purposes, whereas when one reads a text for translational purposes a special type of reading is performed where an additional purpose is added: the translator attempts to find out how the text has been constructed. London & New York: Routledge. This I consider an interventionist strategy by Rabassa as he intended to make the translation even more 'literary' than the original. Rabassa didn't take into account explicitly the role of the translation commissioner who can, in some instances, transform the purpose of the original. Nor are researchers sure how snow crystals impact global climate. 2020 Assured Nursing. In Spanish you ARE not cold, you HAVE cold: 'TENGO fro', as well as in French 'JAI froid' and in Italian 'Io HO freddo', whereas in other languages such as German and Russian one IS neither cold nor HAS cold. G. p. 16 () baute Jos Arcadio Buendia Fallen und Kfige. You do ice? The Translation Studies Reader. . The world's largest Spanish dictionary. It is clear that Rabassa, in discussing the translational problem posed by the title, weighed up not only the original author's intent but also the TL readers' effect. In L. Venuti (Ed. If not, he had best return to the original urge of writing something of his own inspiration and bust out. * Este artculo surgi del proyecto Teoras Modernas de la Traduccin: Estado de la Cuestin y Crtica, inscrito en el grupo de investigacin LINGUAE: Comunicacin, Bilingismo y Traduccin, dirigido por el autor. One additional aspect that has a direct bearing on the translation process are the prevailing translation norms in the target community, which tell the translator how a translation should be performed e.g. Heres how to save yours from ending up in a landfill. This is a unique opportunity to understand the translational ideas of one of the most outstanding contemporary English translators and to contrast them against the way they were put into practice in his English translation of One Hundred Years of Solitude. In C. Fabricius-Hansen and J. Ostbo (Eds), bertragung, Annhrung, Angleichung. @Souxie : That's precisely why I wouldn't have done the translation with "gouttes d'eau" because they are alike!
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