The Queen still believed there should be a division between the chancel and the rest of the church. This debacle occurred at the same time that Puritanism's most powerful defenders at Court were dying off. When you have done this, use a revision guide/knowledge organiser/BBC Bitesize (Link 1) to check your answers and to help you fill in any gaps. [12] She also kept many of her religious views private, which can make it difficult to determine what she believed. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming separatists and establishing underground congregations. A typical Elizabethan manor. [16] In February, the House of Commons passed a Reformation Bill that would restore royal supremacy, the Edwardine Ordinal, and a slightly revised 1552 prayer book. My Cart 0 There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered treason. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the Advertisements, and the most popular and effective Protestant preachers were suspended for non-compliance. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. [13][14] At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop Owen Oglethorpe not to elevate the host. After his wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the pope for an annulment of his marriage. 202. https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his/202. They passed the first laws of the English Reformation which were then very important laws for the English parliament. [39] This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the House of Lords. The Act of Supremacy passed by the Parliament of England is significant because it declared the English monarch as the head of the church. John Whitgift of Cambridge University, a leading advocate for conformity, published a reply in October 1572, and he and Cartwright subsequently entered into a pamphlet war. EV-Elizabeth had followed her own conscience in establishing a Protestant church of England but she has made a compromise with Catholics as she needed the support of Catholic political classes to help her run the country. It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. [43], Elizabeth chose Matthew Parker to replace Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury. Key features of Renaissance culture Article by: Andrew Dickson Andrew Dickson follows the progress of the Renaissance through Europe, and examines the educational, religious, artistic and geographical developments that shaped culture during the period. As per the survey carried out by Thomas Cromwell who was the leading minister of King Henry found out that the many religious houses and the monasteries were fully corrupted and were involved in many illegal practices. The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth.The queen was believed to be Gods representation here on Earth. Elizabethan England - Use our resources to teach British history to your KS4 students. [52] Through the mid-1650s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were deprived for refusal to conform. You can go into more details about her reign in the Timeline of Queen Elizabeth the First. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. Elizabeth's accession to the throne in 1558 marked the beginning of Elizabethan England. Unfortunately this lesson is no longer available. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. Some modifications were made to appeal to Catholics and Lutherans, including giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and permission to use traditional priestly vestments. When this happens, it's usually because the owner only shared it with a small group of people, changed who can see it or it's been deleted. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. However, King Henry pressurized a lot to the Romes pope in legalizing the divorce of Henry from her wife Catherine of Aragon. Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood. [107] Due to their belief in free will, this new faction is known as the Arminian party, but their high church orientation was more controversial. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. Turbocharge your history revision with our revolutionary new app! Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called recusants. In Elizabeth's reign, the black people of London were mostly free. It also declared that half-sister of Elizabeth, Mary is now illegitimate and does not hold any succession to the throne. , who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588: The Religious settlement The History Teacher 6.17K subscribers Join Subscribe 1.1K Share 77K views 5 years ago Early Elizabethan England - Massive Revision. 2022-06-30 / Posted By : / george graham daughter / Under : . In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. Keaton, Anna, "Elizabethan Church Settlement: An Examination" (2009).Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History). She disliked married clergy, held Lutheran views on Eucharistic presence, and there is evidence she preferred the more ceremonial 1549 prayer book. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. [87] Bishop Jewel called the surplice a "vestige of error". The Act of Uniformity of 1559 re-introduced the Book of Common Prayer from Edward's reign, which contained the liturgical services of the church. This is a really big issue for GCSE and you should be familiar with both the settlement and the consequences of it.If you like my content and would like to support me in getting better equipment and software and in having more time to create these videos please consider buying me a latte (3 sugars please!) In his private chapel, he added ceremonies and formulas not authorised in the prayer book, such as burning incense. Elizabeth offered a middle way compromise. Browse these study & revision resources covering Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588 for the Edexcel GCSE History option (B4). [88], The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term Puritan came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. You are among the most enthusiastic, motivated an professional suppliers that I worked with. Twenty bishops (all Roman Catholics)[22] sat in the House of Lords as Lords Spiritual, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. Life in Elizabethan England 7: Religion Religion Everyone has one. How successful was the Elizabethan settlement within the context of the period 1558-1603? "[78] By the late 1560s, recusancy was becoming more common. [74] Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. Opposition came not only from Catholics, but also from more extreme Protestants, known as Puritans, who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. "For a while, it was possible to sustain an attenuated Catholicism within the parish framework, by counterfeiting the mass, teaching the seven sacraments, preserving images of saints, reciting the rosary, observing feasts, fasts, and customs". , who objected to any compromise with Catholic ideas. England was in religious turmoil and there were several problems Elizabeth needed to face when tackling the issue. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of rood lofts in London. [115] It was in the period after 1660 that Richard Hooker's thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which was made during the reign of Elizabeth I, was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. [4] The doctrines of purgatory, prayer for the dead and the intercession of saints were also rejected during this time. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. Hope the above information on Elizabethan Settlement of 1559 has helped you understand more about The Revolution of 1559. It included the Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, a new Book of Common Prayer, and the Thirty-Nine Articles. [63], The Elizabethan settlement was further consolidated by the adoption of a moderately Protestant doctrinal statement called the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion. The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving. This Act made Elizabeth who was the daughter of King Henry and Anne Boleyn a legal heir to his throne. The Act of Supremacy and Uniformity declared Queen Elizabeth as the absolute governor of England as well as re-established Protestantism. [47] Other provisions of the Royal Injunctions were out of step with the Edwardian Reformation and displayed the Queen's conservative preferences. They also believed that God had formed these social ranks and had showered blessings on each rank. Like the Puritans, Andrewes engaged in his own brand of nonconformity. In the north of England they had held on to their Catholic beliefs, despite Elizabeth's religious settlement of 1559. When Elizabeth acceded to the throne, she followed her half-sister Mary who, in less than five years, had tried to turn the clock back to Roman Catholicism. There was a great deal of religious conflict spreading through mainland Europe as Catholics and Protestants fought to establish their faith as the 'true' religion. For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation,[71] and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines. [7] Christ's Real Presence in the Eucharist was no longer explained by the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation; instead, the 1552 Book of Common Prayer promoted the Reformed teaching of Christ's spiritual presence. The early rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, Challenges to the rule of Queen Elizabeth I - AQA, The Elizabethans - exam preparation - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). "[114] Historian Judith Maltby writes that Anglicanism as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". When Elizabeth I came to power in 1558 she was faced with a divided England. [96], In 1577, Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. However, under the rule of Elizabeth, she was given the title and position of the Supreme Governor of the Church in England. Haigh argues that the Act of Uniformity "produced an ambiguous Book of Common Prayer: a liturgical compromise which allowed priests to perform the Church of England communion with Catholic regalia, standing in the Catholic position, and using words capable of Catholic interpretation". Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. [84], Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the Reformed churches of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as John Calvin, Heinrich Bullinger and others. [49], The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. This proved to be advantageous for her because she could put protestant in these positions. Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. The debts run up by the spendthrift Henry meant that the country verged on bankruptcy. [1] Under Elizabeth's half-brother, Edward VI, the Church of England became more explicitly Protestant, projecting a "restrained" Calvinism, in the words of historian Christopher Haigh. [94] Rather, the Admonition's authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. They could not accept the monarch to head the church. This retained some Catholic traditions which Elizabeth hoped would make a good compromise and keep her people happy. The Elizabethan Act of Settlement was introduced to keep all religious groups satisfied, which seemed to be successful. One aspect of this is Elizabeth's accession to the throne and her possible marriage. The Act of Uniformity was the most important part of the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion. This lesson examines the Elizabethan religious settlement. [118] Although Elizabeth I "cannot be credited with a prophetic latitudinarian policy which foresaw the rich diversity of Anglicanism", her preferences made it possible. In the aftermath of the conformist assault, the 1590s were relatively free of theological controversy. [85] In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use medieval canon law. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Towards the end of Henry VIII's reign very little building occurred in England. Churchwarden accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. The Act of Supremacy brought about in 1534, declared that Henry VIII as the absolute head of the church of England. One, "Of the Worthy Receiving of the Sacrament", added more detail to the church's doctrine of the Eucharist, which was described as "spiritual food" and "a ghostly substance and not carnal" made real by faith. To identify key features of Elizabeth's religious settlement To explain details about each area of Elizabeth's religious settlement ad attitudes towards it To evaluate different responses to Elizabeth's religious settlement and it's effectiveness Worksheet and resources included. Elizabeth I inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. Those exiles with ties to John Calvin's reformation in Geneva were notably excluded from consideration. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. religion in elizabethan england bbc bitesize Blog; About; Tours; Contact All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an Oath of Supremacy. BY DAVID ROSS, EDITOR. The Act of Supremacy of 1559 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and conferred the title 'Supreme Governor of the Church of England' on Elizabeth; while the Act of Uniformity of 1559 . Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. Study Notes. Her approach had been to avoid the kind of traumatic extremism of the reigns of her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister Mary I (Catholic). [48], In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. [80], By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground Roman Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. Elizabeth I's religious settlement, Royal Museums Greenwich. However, this stance hardened over time. This group was led by Richard Neile of Durham and became known as the Durham House group. [68][69][70] Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. This lesson refers to the Edexcel GCSE History textbook. Mary died in November 1558 without a Catholic heir, leaving the throne to the Protestant Elizabeth. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. Id like you to know that I really enjoyed working with Becon Engineering works people. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation). The Admonition Controversy was not a disagreement over soteriologyboth Cartwright and Whitgift believed in predestination and that human works played no role in salvation. Catholics gained an important concession. Elizabeth simply could not accept the notion that religious turmoil was seemingly the norm for England - though this had been so in the previous thirty years - and she pushed hard for a settlement that all would take on board. [73] They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. Thus, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement is also called an Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. A proclamation forbade any "breach, alteration, or change of any order or usage presently established within this our realm". [41] During this time, Calvinist clergy held the best bishoprics and deaneries. Study Notes. It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. This made Protestantism Englands official faith and also set out rules of religious practice and worship in a revised prayer book. What were the main features of Elizabethan Religious Settlement? Some even refused to attend church as Elizabeth refused to strictly enforce the recusancy fines of 5p. The Queen never forgave John Knox for writing The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, which denounced female monarchs, and the Reformation in Geneva was tainted by association. By 1568 Elizabeths new religious settlement had been in place for nearly a decade. [83], The persecution of 15811592 changed the nature of Roman Catholicism in England. [5][6] The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion. Go in depth with our worksheets, exercises, essay plans, source-based resources and games. Unit - Oak National Academy Key Stage 4, History, Elizabeth I: Meeting the challenge, 1558-1588 all lessons unavailable Unfortunately all lessons in Key Stage 4 History are now unavailable. What key changes to religion did the Religious Settlement introduce? In November, A Second Admonition to Parliament was publishedmost likely authored by Thomas Cartwright or Christopher Goodmanwhich presented a more detailed proposal for church reform along presbyterian lines. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. This means all the clergy had to take this oath or lose their office. Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Baptists. Religion in England 1558: Catholics vs Protestants. While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. We were all brought up to be Christians of one sort or another. This appeased Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as head of religion as well as head of state. The official established state religion is the Church of England. Elizabethan Era Daily Life Facts in England | Religion and Education Details: The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, and laborers as fifth.The queen was believed to be Gods representation here on Earth. Elizabethan Settlement Act of Supremacy and . This lesson is based on a booklet and PPT helping students to understand different aspects of rivalry between England and Spain. The established religion under Elizabeth was Protestant, so the English did not acknowledge the authority of the Pope in Rome: the English monarch was to be the overall leader of the Church of England, but not a spiritual authority. [100], In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the service book used in Geneva. Almost 80,000 priests and clergy did so. Created: Jul 18, 2017. [110] Many Puritans, however, were unwilling to conform to it. Historians John Coffey and Paul C. H. Lim write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as cathedrals, church choirs, a formal liturgy contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and episcopal polity. England prospered in culture and religion as well as establishing itself as a world power, all during Elizabethan times. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was contained in two acts - the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. [31], The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. Between 1574 and 1603, 600 Catholic priests were sent to England. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. Without priests, these social classes drifted into the Church of England and Catholicism was forgotten. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement proved to be far more successful than the reforms imposed by Mary I. The religious situation in England was confused; differences in religion were likely to cause to civil unrest at the very least. It remained a private residence until 1923, when the Church of England acquired possession. Act of Uniformity. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the consecration. The church was responsible to a great extent to ensure that the Act was being implemented. Subsequently, two Catholics, John Felton and John Story, were executed for treason. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. Until later in the reign, it's safe to say your grandparents were Catholic. When his request was denied, Henry separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and claimed that he, rather than the pope, was its supreme head on earth. In 1559 she passed two laws: This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. In the coming years this changed. [20] Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the English Litany. [93] It called for the church to be organised according to presbyterian polity. So the pope has no right to interfere in its matter. While broad and ambiguous, this provision was meant to reassure Catholics that they would have some protection. [102], In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I. Elizabeths tolerant approach seemed to have worked on the whole, but it did not keep everyone happy and she faced numerous threats. Parker was a prominent scholar and had served as chaplain to Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn. [15] It was obvious to most that these were temporary measures. [91], By 1572, the debate between Puritans and conformists had entered a new phasechurch government had replaced vestments as the major issue. The Act of Uniformity revoked the strict laws against Roman Catholics and also removed the abuse of Pope from the litany. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld royal assent. She kept her crucifix and candles and dropped her plans to restore roods. [79] The discovery of the Ridolfi plota Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the thronefurther alarmed the English government. By Elizabeth's death, Roman Catholicism had become "the faith of a small sect", largely confined to gentry households. Freedom of religion was assumed as long as laws were obeyed, but this did prevent Catholics from worshipping openly, and some sought to rise up against persecution. Anglicans started to define their Church as a via media or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and low church. [109] The English Civil War resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement. Implemented between 1559 and 1563, the settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation, permanently shaping the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and laying the foundations of Anglicanism's unique identity. [48] These provisions offended many Protestants, and in practice, the Injunctions were often ignored by church leaders. Although she did not want the religion to continue. However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests. The Act of Supremacy also included the oath of loyalty to the queen. The collected fine was to be donated to the poor and needy. [98] Whitgift's first move against the Puritans was a requirement that all clergy subscribe to three articles, the second of which stated that the Prayer Book and Ordinal contained "nothing contrary to the word of God". There was a strict prohibition of foreign leadership in the English church, so denying Elizabeths position in the Church was considered, There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. [77] In 1562, the Council of Trent ruled out any outward conformity or Nicodemism for Catholics: "You may not be present at such prayers of heretics, or at their sermons, without heinous offence and the indignation of God, and it is far better to suffer most bitter cruelties than to give the least sign of consent to such wicked and abominable rites. The required an oath of loyalty from the people who recognized Henrys marriage with Anne Boleyn. The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (15581603). Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished Anthony Kitchin of Llandaff and the absentee Thomas Stanley of Sodor and Man) lost their posts. Religious Settlement One key feature of the religious settlement was that the Act of Supremacy made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. [64][pageneeded] In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. Bishop Goldwell of St Asaph was never summoned to Parliament, and the elderly Bishop Tunstall of Durham was excused from attending on account of age. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. Under the Act of Supremacy, an Ecclesiastical High Commission established with the job of maintaining discipline with the Church and enforcing the queen's religious settlement. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the Second Commandment. [103][104] James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. ELIZABETH I TOPIC MAP (Knowledge Checklist) PDF Sheet to print for the game. [50] A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the royal arms were to be displayed. History of Britain from Roman times to Restoration era. elizabeth religious settlement bbc bitesize November 20, 2021 The Religious Settlement is the attempt by Elizabeth to solve the religious division in England between Catholics and Protestants Remote learning solution for Lockdown 2021: Ready-to-use tutor2u Online Courses Learn more Lesson 1: Who are the Tudors intro & context lesson. The Act of Supremacy helped give the reigns of complete control of the Church of England into the hands of Queen Elizabeth. Catholicism and Protestantism beliefs differed in many ways: How were the changes of the Religious Settlement implemented? Elizabeth appointed twenty-seven new bishops in their place. Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. Also, like Elizabeth, Parker was a Nicodemitesomeone who stayed in England during Mary's reign and outwardly conformed to Catholicism. 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The more ceremonial 1549 prayer book moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden the. 1559 prayer book was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop Canterbury! Authorised in the Church of England Romes pope in legalizing the divorce of Henry VIII as head... - the Act of Settlement was introduced to keep all religious groups satisfied, seemed! Mother, Anne Boleyn to determine what she believed people happy a new book of common prayer and! Of saints were also rejected during this time, arguing that all images were forbidden by the spendthrift meant! Passed by the Directory for Public Worship to any compromise with Catholic ideas remained private! All new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement as incense! 48 ] these provisions offended many Protestants, and Baptists and had showered blessings each.
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